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ASTM D97-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use on any petroleum product. A procedure suitable for black specimens, cylinder stock, and nondistillate fuel oil is described in 8.8. A procedure for testing the fluidity of a residual fuel oil at a specified temperature is described in Appendix X1.
1.2 Several ASTM test methods offering alternative procedures for determining pour points using automatic apparatus are available. None of them share the same designation number as Test Method D 97. When an automatic instrument is used, the ASTM test method designation number specific to the technique shall be reported with the results. A procedure for testing the pour point of crude oils is described in Test Method D 5853.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2005
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.07 - Flow Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D97-04 - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D97-05a - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8180-23 - Standard Specification for Rerefined Mineral Insulating Liquid Used in Electrical Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8181-19 - Standard Specification for Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion Test Fuel Oils
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6749-02(2018) - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Air Pressure Method)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5985-02(2020) - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D117-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7549-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditions—Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6871-17 - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6750-23 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2084/F2084M-01(2018) - Standard Guide for Collecting Containment Boom Performance Data in Controlled Environments
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D3487-16e1 - Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5967-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5222-23 - Standard Specification for Less Flammable High Molecular Weight Hydrocarbon Mineral Electrical Insulating Liquids
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6351-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Low Temperature Fluidity and Appearance of Hydraulic Fluids
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005

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ASTM D97-05 - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D97–05
Designation: 15/95
Standard Test Method for
1
Pour Point of Petroleum Products
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD97;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D1659 Test Method for Maximum FluidityTemperature of
1.1 This test method is intended for use on any petroleum
4
2
Residual Fuel Oil
product. A procedure suitable for black specimens, cylinder
D2500 TestMethodforCloudPointofPetroleumProducts
stock,andnondistillatefueloilisdescribedin8.8.Aprocedure
D3245 TestMethodforPumpabilityofIndustrialFuelOils
for testing the fluidity of a residual fuel oil at a specified
D5853 Test Method for Pour Point of Crude Oils
temperature is described in Appendix X1.
E1 Specification forASTM Liquid-in-GlassThermometers
1.2 Several ASTM test methods offering alternative proce-
2.2 Energy Institute Standards:
dures for determining pour points using automatic apparatus
5
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
areavailable.Noneofthemsharethesamedesignationnumber
as Test Method D97. When an automatic instrument is used,
3. Terminology
the ASTM test method designation number specific to the
3.1 Definitions:
technique shall be reported with the results. A procedure for
3.1.1 black oil, n—lubricant containing asphaltic materials.
testing the pour point of crude oils is described inTest Method
Blackoilsareusedinheavy-dutyequipmentapplications,such
D5853.
as mining and quarrying, where extra adhesiveness is desired.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 cylinder stock, n—lubricant for independently lubri-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
cated engine cylinders, such as those of steam engines and air
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
compressors. Cylinder stock are also used for lubrication of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
valves and other elements in the cylinder area.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.3 pour point, n—in petroleum products, the lowest
2. Referenced Documents temperature at which movement of the test specimen is
3 observed under prescribed conditions of test.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 residual fuel, n—a liquid fuel containing bottoms
D117 Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifica-
remaining from crude distillation or thermal cracking; some-
tions for Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
times referred to as heavy fuel oil.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Residual fuels comprise Grades 4, 5,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
and 6 fuel oils, as defined in Specification D396.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
4. Summary of Test Method
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2005.PublishedJuly2005.Originallyapproved
4.1 After preliminary heating, the sample is cooled at a
in 1927, replacing D47. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D97–04.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization
specified rate and examined at intervals of 3°C for flow
Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP Standard in 1965.
characteristics. The lowest temperature at which movement of
2
Statements defining this test and its significance when applied to electrical
the specimen is observed is recorded as the pour point.
insulating oils of mineral origin will be found in GuideD117.
3
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for Laboratory
4
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia Withdrawn.
5
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MethodsforAnalysisandTesting,IPStandardsforPetroleumanditsProducts,
MD. Part I, Vol 2.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D97–05
NOTE—Dimensions are in millimetres (not to scale).
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Pour Point Test
5. Significance and Use 6.7) so that not more than 25 mm projects out of the cooling
medium, and shall be capable of being cleaned.
5.1 The pour point of a petroleum specimen is an index of
6.5 Disk, cork or felt, 6 mm thick t
...

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Note 1: For determining the color of petroleum products darker than Saybolt Color − 16, see Test Method D1500.  
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1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 2: Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with 1/8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, 1/2 in., 1/4 in., and 1/8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature.  
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ASTM D7152-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products

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5.1 Predicting the viscosity of a blend of components is a common problem. Both the Wright Blending Method and the ASTM Blending Method, described in this practice, may be used to solve this problem.  
5.2 The inverse problem, predicating the required blend fractions of components to meet a specified viscosity at a given temperature may also be solved using either the Inverse Wright Blending Method or the Inverse ASTM Blending Method.  
5.3 The Wright Blending Methods are generally preferred since they have a firmer basis in theory, and are more accurate. The Wright Blending Methods require component viscosities to be known at two temperatures. The ASTM Blending Methods are mathematically simpler and may be used when viscosities are known at a single temperature.  
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5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
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1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
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ASTM D2887-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.  
1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.  
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    35 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off