ASTM E998-05
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Nondestructive Method
Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Nondestructive Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is a standard procedure to determine a stress pattern and estimate a probability of breakage of glass tested under uniform static loads.
Loads on glass in windows, curtain walls, and doors may vary greatly in magnitude, direction, and duration. An understanding of wind loads on the building is required for selection of test loads and interpretation of results with respect to expected exposure at a particular site.
The strength of glass varies with many different factors including surface condition, load duration, geometry, relative humidity, and temperature (1, 2, 3, 4).2
A thorough understanding of the variations of the strength of glass and the nature of loading is required to interpret results of this test method.
The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure, deflection and strain measurement, stress/strain relationships, and statistical estimating techniques.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a nondestructive test procedure to establish the nature of stresses induced in glass subjected to uniform static loads. A procedure is provided for using this stress information to estimate the probability of breakage of the glass.
1.2 This test method is applicable to glass of various degrees of temper; for example, annealed, heat-strengthened, fully tempered, laminated, insulating, and combinations thereof.
1.3 This test method describes a process of applying specific test loads to glass. The test may be conducted using the standard test frame specified herein or a test frame of the user's design.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section .
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: E998 – 05
Standard Test Method for
Structural Performance of Glass in Windows, Curtain Walls,
and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by
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Nondestructive Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E998; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope stresses added to the state of stress at the specified load. As
defined for use in the standard, theABS is for annealed glass.
1.1 This test method is a nondestructive test procedure to
2.3 coeffıcient of variation—the ratio (decimal fraction) of
establish the nature of stresses induced in glass subjected to
the standard deviation of the maximum principal tensile stress
uniform static loads. A procedure is provided for using this
(MPTS) at failure to the ABS.
stressinformationtoestimatetheprobabilityofbreakageofthe
2.4 equivalent design load—a magnitude of a uniform load
glass.
and the load duration selected by the specifying authority to
1.2 This test method is applicable to glass of various
represent design loads.
degrees of temper; for example, annealed, heat-strengthened,
2.5 glass specimen—the glass to be tested, for example, a
fully tempered, laminated, insulating, and combinations
single lite, an insulating glass unit, laminated glass, and so
thereof.
forth (does not include test frame).
1.3 Thistestmethoddescribesaprocessofapplyingspecific
2.6 maximum principal tensile stress (MPTS)—amaximum
test loads to glass. The test may be conducted using the
calculated tensile stress based on strain gage measurements.
standardtestframespecifiedhereinoratestframeoftheuser’s
2.7 negative load—aloadthatresultsintheindoorsideofa
design.
glass specimen being the high-pressure side.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
2.8 permanent set of test frame—a load-induced permanent
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
displacement from an original position of the test frame.
only.
2.9 positive load—a load that results in the outdoor side of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a glass specimen being the high-pressure side.
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.10 probability of breakage—the probability that a glass
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specimenbreakswhentestedatagivenequivalentdesignload.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
General industry practice to express probability as lites per
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
1000 lites.
precautionary statements see Section 6.
2.11 residual stress—an initial, state of stress on unloaded,
2. Terminology unglazedglassresultingfromthemanufacturingprocess(heat-
strengthening, tempering).
2.1 aspect ratio—a ratio of long side to short side of the
2.12 specifying authority—the professional or professionals
glass lite.
responsible for determining and furnishing the information
2.2 average breaking stress (ABS)—the average maximum
required to perform this test method as described in Section 9.
principal tensile stress (MPTS) at failure, representative of the
glass under test.TheABS is dependent on a number of factors
3. Summary of Test Method
including geometry, time history of load, surface condition,
3.1 This test method consists of:
and so forth. Glasses with residual surface stresses, such as
3.1.1 Glazing the test specimen into a test frame that is
heat-strengthened or fully tempered, must have their residual
mounted on or against a test chamber.
3.1.2 Supplyingorexhaustingairfromthechamberatarate
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required to maintain a test-pressure difference across the test
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51
specimen.
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
3.1.3 Measuring and observing deflections, deformations,
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally
specimen strains, and the nature of any failures.
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E998–84(1999).
DOI: 10.1520/E0998-05. 3.1.4 Recording the results in an orderly manner.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E998 – 05
3.2 Methods of loading to nondestructive levels are pro- thedeflectiongagereading.Provisionsshallbemadetoensure
vided. that readings can be made from a safe location.
3.3 Test data are used to predict glass structural perf
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