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ASTM D3822-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile properties of natural and man-made single textile fibers of sufficient length to permit mounting test specimens in a tensile testing machine.
1.2 This test method is also applicable to continuous (filament) and discontinuous (staple) fibers or filaments taken from yarns or tow. When the fibers to be tested contain crimp, or if the tow or yarns have been subjected to bulking, crimping, or texturing process, the tensile properties are determined after removal of the crimp.
Note 1—Testing of filaments taken from yarns or tow, included in this test method was originally covered in Test Method D 2101, that is discontinued.
1.3 The words "fiber" and "filament" are used interchangeably throughout this test method.
1.4 This test method is also applicable to fibers removed from yarns, or from yarns processed further into fabrics. It should be recognized that yarn and manufacturing processes can influence or modify the tensile properties of fibers. Consequently, tensile properties determined on fibers taken from yarns, or from yarns that have been processed into fabrics, may be different than for the same fibers prior to being subjected to yarn or fabric manufacturing processes.
1.5 This test method provides directions for measuring the breaking force and elongation at break of single textile fibers and for calculating breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modulus, tangent modulus, tensile stress at specified elongation, and breaking toughness.
1.6 Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both conditioned and wet single fibers are included. The test method is applicable to testing under a wide range of conditions.
1.7 As the length of the test specimen decreases, the tensile strength is likely to increase, but the accuracy of the tensile properties determined may decrease, which may require the need to increase the number of test specimens. This is particularly true for those properties dependent on the measurement of elongation, since the shorter lengths increase the relative effect of slippage and stretching of the test specimens within the jaws of either clamp.
1.8 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2006
ICS
59.060.01 - Textile fibres in general
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3822-01 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D3822/D3822M-14 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers
Effective Date
15-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM D4849-21 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3217/D3217M-20 - Standard Test Methods for Breaking Tenacity of Manufactured Textile Fibers in Loop or Knot Configurations
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007

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ASTM D3822-07 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile FibersASTM D3822-07 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers
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ASTM D3822-07 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3822 − 07
StandardTest Method for
1
Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope particularly true for those properties dependent on the mea-
surement of elongation, since the shorter lengths increase the
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile
relative effect of slippage and stretching of the test specimens
properties of natural and man-made single textile fibers of
within the jaws of either clamp.
sufficient length to permit mounting test specimens in a tensile
testing machine. 1.8 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in
otherunitsshallberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevalues
1.2 This test method is also applicable to continuous (fila-
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
ment)anddiscontinuous(staple)fibersorfilamentstakenfrom
each system must be used independently of the other, without
yarns or tow. When the fibers to be tested contain crimp, or if
combining values in any way.
the tow or yarns have been subjected to bulking, crimping, or
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
texturing process, the tensile properties are determined after
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
removal of the crimp.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 1—Testing of filaments taken from yarns or tow, included in this
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
test method was originally covered in Test Method D2101, that is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
discontinued.
1.3 The words “fiber” and “filament” are used interchange-
2. Referenced Documents
ably throughout this test method.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 This test method is also applicable to fibers removed
D76Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
from yarns, or from yarns processed further into fabrics. It
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
should be recognized that yarn and manufacturing processes
D629Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
can influence or modify the tensile properties of fibers.
D1577Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
Consequently, tensile properties determined on fibers taken
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
from yarns, or from yarns that have been processed into
D2101Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Man-
fabrics,maybedifferentthanforthesamefiberspriortobeing
Made Textile Fibers Taken From Yarns and Tows (With-
3
subjected to yarn or fabric manufacturing processes.
drawn 1995)
1.5 This test method provides directions for measuring the D2258Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
breaking force and elongation at break of single textile fibers D3333Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,
and for calculating breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord Sliver, or Tow for Testing
modulus, tangent modulus, tensile stress at specified D4849Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
elongation, and breaking toughness. E178Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
1.6 Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both
3. Terminology
conditionedandwetsinglefibersareincluded.Thetestmethod
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns and
is applicable to testing under a wide range of conditions.
Fibers, refer to Terminology D4849.
1.7 As the length of the test specimen decreases, the tensile
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
strength is likely to increase, but the accuracy of the tensile
breaking force, breaking tenacity, breaking toughness, chord
properties determined may decrease, which may require the
modulus, corresponding elongation, corresponding force,
need to increase the number of test specimens. This is
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D3822–01. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D3822-07. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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...

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5.1 Test Method D3822 using test specimens having gauge lengths of 10 mm [0.4 in.] or greater is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since the test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. Critical differences noted in Tables 1 and 2 were obtained on man-made fibers having a gauge length of 25 mm [1.0 in.] and 250 mm [10 in.]. Natural fibers or fibers having lesser or greater gauge lengths may provide different values and may require comparative testing. (See 5.1.1.)  (A) The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960, which is based on infinite degrees of freedom.  (A) The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960, which is based on infinite degrees of freedom  
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile properties of natural and man-made single textile fibers of sufficient length to permit mounting test specimens in a tensile testing machine.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for testing for water retention of fibers after centrifuging is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test is more appropriate for development and research. However, if the test is to be used for acceptance testing, comparative tests as described in 5.1.1 are advised.  
5.1.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results using Test Method D2402 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if statistical biases exist between their laboratories. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the Student's t-test for unpaired data with an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties while designing the test program. If the analysis shows a bias, its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test data with consideration for the known bias.  
5.2 The amount of water retained by a fiber mass increases with an increase in the hydrophilic tendency of the fiber. Thus the data obtained can be used to indicate the following:  
5.2.1 Differences in water retention between the various man-made and natural fibers,  
5.2.2 Degree of cross-linking in cellulosic fibers,  
5.2.3 Damage incurred by wool and silk fibers due to alkaline processing, and  
5.2.4 Persistence of water-repellent treatments.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of water retention of man-made and natural fibers as staple, tow, or filament and spun yarns. It is intended to give a measure of the amount of water which cannot be removed from thoroughly wetted fiber solely by mechanical means as applied by centrifugal force (see 3.2).  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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