ASTM C135-96(2015)

Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water Immersion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The true specific gravity of a material is the ratio of its true density, determined at a specific temperature, to the true density of water, determined at a specific temperature. Thus, the true specific gravity of a material is a primary property which is related to chemical and mineralogical composition.  
3.2 For refractory raw materials and products the true specific gravity is a useful value for: classification, detecting differences in chemical composition between supposedly like samples, indicating mineralogical phases or phase changes, calculating total porosity when the bulk density is known, and for any other test method which requires this value for the calculation of results.  
3.3 This test method is a primary standard method which is suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research and development. It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing contracts or agreements.  
3.4 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method are the following:  
3.4.1 The sample is representative of the material in general,  
3.4.2 The total sample has been reduced to the particle size specified,  
3.4.3 No impurity has been introduced during processing of the sample,  
3.4.4 The sample itself is not magnetic and all magnetic material introduced during processing of the sample has been removed,  
3.4.5 The material is not hydratable or reactive with water, and  
3.4.6 The test method has been conducted in a meticulous manner.  
3.4.7 Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the usefulness of the results.  
3.5 In interpreting the results of this test method it must be recognized that the specified sample particle size does not guarantee that all closed pores have been eliminated. The amount of residual closed pores may vary between materials or even between samples of the same or like materials, and the specified sample particle size is not the same as that specified for Test Method C604. The values generated by this ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of true specific gravity of refractory materials under prescribed conditions. It is not applicable to materials attacked by water.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The equipment used in this standard for weights and volumes is only available in SI units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2015
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.03 - Physical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C135 −96 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water
1
Immersion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C135; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.2 For refractory raw materials and products the true
specific gravity is a useful value for: classification, detecting
1.1 This test method covers the determination of true
differences in chemical composition between supposedly like
specific gravity of refractory materials under prescribed con-
samples, indicating mineralogical phases or phase changes,
ditions. It is not applicable to materials attacked by water.
calculating total porosity when the bulk density is known, and
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
for any other test method which requires this value for the
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
calculation of results.
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
3.3 This test method is a primary standard method which is
information only and are not considered standard.
suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research
1.2.1 Exception—The equipment used in this standard for
and development. It can also serve as a referee test method in
weights and volumes is only available in SI units.
purchasing contracts or agreements.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.4 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
are the following:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.4.1 Thesampleisrepresentativeofthematerialingeneral,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.4.2 The total sample has been reduced to the particle size
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specified,
2. Referenced Documents
3.4.3 No impurity has been introduced during processing of
2
the sample,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.4.4 The sample itself is not magnetic and all magnetic
C604 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory
material introduced during processing of the sample has been
Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
removed,
D153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Pigments
3.4.5 The material is not hydratable or reactive with water,
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
and
Sieves
3.4.6 The test method has been conducted in a meticulous
3. Significance and Use manner.
3.4.7 Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the
3.1 The true specific gravity of a material is the ratio of its
usefulness of the results.
true density, determined at a specific temperature, to the true
density of water, determined at a specific temperature. Thus,
3.5 In interpreting the results of this test method it must be
the true specific gravity of a material is a primary property
recognized that the specified sample particle size does not
which is related to chemical and mineralogical composition.
guarantee that all closed pores have been eliminated. The
amount of residual closed pores may vary between materials or
even between samples of the same or like materials, and the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee C08 on
specified sample particle size is not the same as that specified
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
for Test Method C604. The values generated by this test
Properties.
method may, therefore, be close approximations rather than
Current edition approved March 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originally
accurate representations of true specific gravities. Thus, com-
approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C135 – 96 (2009).
DOI: 10.1520/C0135-96R15.
parisons of results should only be judiciously made between
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
likematerialstestedbythistestmethodorwithfull recognition
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
of potentially inherent differences between the materials being
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. compared or the test method used.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C135−96 (2015)
4. Apparatus In filling the pycnometer, there should be an overflow of water
through the capillary when
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: C135 − 96 (Reapproved 2009) C135 − 96 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water
1
Immersion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C135; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Paragraph 1.2 was updated and 1.2.1 added in April 2009.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of true specific gravity of refractory materials under prescribed conditions. It is
not applicable to materials attacked by water.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The equipment used in this standard for weights and volumes is only available in SI units.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C604 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
D153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Pigments
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The true specific gravity of a material is the ratio of its true density, determined at a specific temperature, to the true density
of water, determined at a specific temperature. Thus, the true specific gravity of a material is a primary property which is related
to chemical and mineralogical composition.
3.2 For refractory raw materials and products the true specific gravity is a useful value for: classification, detecting differences
in chemical composition between supposedly like samples, indicating mineralogical phases or phase changes, calculating total
porosity when the bulk density is known, and for any other test method which requires this value for the calculation of results.
3.3 This test method is a primary standard method which is suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research and
development. It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing contracts or agreements.
3.4 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method are the following:
3.4.1 The sample is representative of the material in general,
3.4.2 The total sample has been reduced to the particle size specified,
3.4.3 No impurity has been introduced during processing of the sample,
3.4.4 The sample itself is not magnetic and all magnetic material introduced during processing of the sample has been removed,
3.4.5 The material is not hydratable or reactive with water, and
3.4.6 The test method has been conducted in a meticulous manner.
3.4.7 Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the usefulness of the results.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical Properties.
Current edition approved March 1, 2009March 1, 2015. Published April 2009 April 2015. Originally approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
C135 – 96 (2003).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/C0135-96R09E01.10.1520/C0135-96R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C135 − 96 (2015)
3.5 In interpreting the results of this test method it must be recognized that the specified sample particle size does not guarantee
that all closed pores have been eliminated. The amount of residual closed pores may vary between materials or even between
samples of the same or like materials, and the specified sample particle size is not the same as that specified for Test Method C604.
The values generated by this test
...