ASTM D1452-07a
(Practice)Standard Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings
Standard Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Auger borings often provide the simplest method of soil investigation and sampling. They may be used for any purpose where disturbed samples can be used and are valuable in connection with ground water level determination and indication of changes in strata and advancement of hole for spoon and tube sampling. Equipment required is simple and readily available. Depths of auger investigations are, however, limited by ground water conditions, soil characteristics, and the equipment used.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers equipment and procedures for the use of earth augers in shallow geotechnical exploration. This practice does not apply to sectional continuous flight augers.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are provided for informational purposes only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM concensus process.
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Designation:D1452–07a
Standard Practice for
1
Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1452; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 Helical Augers—Small lightweight augers generally
available in sizes from 1 through 3 in. (25.4 through 76.2 mm).
1.1 This practice covers equipment and procedures for the
3.1.1.1 Spiral-Type Auger, consisting of a flat thin metal
use of earth augers in shallow geotechnical exploration. This
strip, machine twisted to a spiral configuration of uniform
practice does not apply to sectional continuous flight augers.
pitch; having at one end, a sharpened or hardened point, with
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
a means of attaching a shaft or extension at the opposite end.
as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are
3.1.1.2 Ship-Type Auger—Similar to a carpenter’s wood bit.
provided for informational purposes only.
It is generally forged from steel and machined to the desired
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
size and configuration. It is normally provided with sharpened
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and hardened nibs at the point end and with an integral shaft
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
extending through its length for attachment of a handle or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
extension at the opposite end.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.2 Open Tubular Augers, ranging in size from 1.5
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
through 8 in. (38.1 through 203.2 mm) and having the common
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
characteristic of appearing essentially tubular when viewed
education or experience and should be used in conjunction
from the digging end.
with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may
3.1.2.1 Orchard-Barrel Type,consistingessentiallyofatube
be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
having cutting lips or nibs hardened and sharpened to penetrate
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
theformationononeendandanadaptorfittingforanextension
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
or handle on the opposite end.
nor should this document be applied without consideration of
3.1.2.2 Open-Spiral Type,consistingofaflatthinmetalstrip
a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
that has been helically wound around a circular mandrel to
title of this document means only that the document has been
form a spiral in which the flat faces of the strip are parallel to
approved through the ASTM concensus process.
the axis of the augered hole. The lower helix edges are
2. Significance and Use hard-faced to improve wear characteristics.The opposite end is
fitted with an adaptor for extension.
2.1 Auger borings often provide the simplest method of soil
3.1.2.3 Closed-Spiral Type—Nearly identical to the open-
investigation and sampling. They may be used for any purpose
spiral type except the pitch of the helically wound spiral is
where disturbed samples can be used and are valuable in
much less than that of the open-spiral type.
connection with ground water level determination and indica-
3.1.3 Post-Hole Augers, generally 2 through 8 in. (50.8
tion of changes in strata and advancement of hole for spoon
through 203.2 mm), and having in common a means of
and tube sampling. Equipment required is simple and readily
blocking the escape of soil from the auger.
available. Depths of auger investigations are, however, limited
3.1.3.1 Clam-Shell Type, consisting of two halves, hinged to
by ground water conditions, soil characteristics, and the
allow opening and closing for alternately digging and retriev-
equipment used.
ing. It is not usable deeper than about 3.5 ft (1.07 m).
3. Apparatus
3.1.3.2 Iwan Type, consisting of two tubular steel segments,
connected at the top to a common member to form a nearly
3.1 Hand-Operated Augers:
complete tube, but with diametrically opposed openings. It is
connected at the bottom by two radial blades pitched to serve
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
as cutters which also block the escape of contained soil.
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and
Attachment of handle or extension is at the top connector.
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