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ASTM C135-96

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water Immersion

Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water Immersion

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of true specific gravity of refractory materials under prescribed conditions. It is not applicable to materials attacked by water.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1991
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.03 - Physical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C135-96(2003) - Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water Immersion
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM C1240-20 - Standard Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures
Effective Date
01-Jan-1992
Referred By
ASTM C604-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
Effective Date
01-Jan-1992
Referred By
ASTM F2191/F2191M-13(2020)e1 - Standard Specification for Packing Material, Graphitic or Carbon Braided Yarn
Effective Date
01-Jan-1992

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ASTM C135-96 - Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water ImmersionASTM C135-96 - Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water Immersion
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ASTM C135-96 - Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water Immersion
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 135 – 96
Standard Test Method for
True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water
Immersion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 135; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.4 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method
are the following:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of true
3.4.1 The sample is representative of the material in general,
specific gravity of refractory materials under prescribed con-
3.4.2 The total sample has been reduced to the particle size
ditions. It is not applicable to materials attacked by water.
specified,
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.4.3 No impurity has been introduced during processing of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the sample,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.4.4 The sample itself is not magnetic and all magnetic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
material introduced during processing of the sample has been
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
removed,
2. Referenced Documents
3.4.5 The material is not hydratable or reactive with water,
and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.4.6 The test method has been conducted in a meticulous
C 604 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory
manner.
Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
3.4.7 Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the
D 153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Pigments
usefulness of the results.
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
3.5 In interpreting the results of this test method it must be
poses
recognized that the specified sample particle size does not
3. Significance and Use
guarantee that all closed pores have been eliminated. The
amount of residual closed pores may vary between materials or
3.1 The true specific gravity of a material is the ratio of its
even between samples of the same or like materials, and the
true density, determined at a specific temperature, to the true
specified sample particle size is not the same as that specified
density of water, determined at a specific temperature. Thus,
for Test Method C 604. The values generated by this test
the true specific gravity of a material is a primary property
method may, therefore, be close approximations rather than
which is related to chemical and mineralogical composition.
accurate representations of true specific gravities. Thus, com-
3.2 For refractory raw materials and products the true
parisons of results should only be judiciously made between
specific gravity is a useful value for: classification, detecting
like materials tested by this test method or with full recognition
differences in chemical composition between supposedly like
of potentially inherent differences between the materials being
samples, indicating mineralogical phases or phase changes,
compared or the test method used.
calculating total porosity when the bulk density is known, and
for any other test method which requires this value for the
4. Apparatus
calculation of results.
4.1 Analytical Balance, accurate to 0.1 mg.
3.3 This test method is a primary standard method which is
4.2 Pycnometer Bottle, 50-mL, with ground-joint fitted
suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research
thermometer and capillary side tube with cap.
and development. It can also serve as a referee test method in
4.3 Vacuum Source, capable of 0.5 to 1.0 in. (13 to 25 mm)
purchasing contracts or agreements.
Hg, for use with alternative method (Note 1).
NOTE 1—A suitable alternative evacuation method is described in Test
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee C-8 on
Method D 153.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Tests and Properties.
5. Preparation of Sample
Current edition approved August 10, 1996. Published October 1996. Originally
published as C 135 – 38. Last previous edition C 135 – 86 (1992)e .
5.1 Extract two pieces of walnut size from different posi-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
3 tions in a solid specimen in such a way as to exclude any part
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.
of the original exterior surface (skin surface). When an average
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 135
value of specific gravity is desired, prepare a composite sample the dry pycnometer, weigh, and record the weight as W. Fill the
by taking
...

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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the following properties of refractory shapes:  
1.1.1 Apparent porosity,  
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1.1.3 Apparent specific gravity, and  
1.1.4 Bulk density.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable to all refractory shapes except those that chemically react with both water and mineral spirits. When testing a material capable of hydration or other chemical reaction with water but which does not chemically react with mineral spirits, mineral spirits is substituted for water and appropriate corrections for the density differences are applied when making calculations.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The apparatus used in this standard is only available in SI units.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Test Methods C20 cover procedures for testing properties of refractories that are not attacked by water.  
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ASTM C604-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer

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4.1 The true specific gravity of a material is the ratio of its true density, determined at a specific temperature, to the true density of water, determined at a specific temperature. Thus, the true specific gravity of a material is a primary property which is related to chemical and mineralogical composition.  
4.2 This test method is particularly useful for hydratable materials that are not suitable for test with Test Method C135.  
4.3 For refractory raw materials and products, the true specific gravity is a useful value for: classification, detecting differences in chemical composition between supposedly like samples, indicating mineralogical phases or phase changes, calculating total porosity when the bulk density is known, and for any other test method that requires this value for the calculation of results.  
4.4 This test method is a primary standard method which is suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research and development. It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing contracts or agreements.  
4.5 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method are the following:  
4.5.1 The sample is representative of the material in general,  
4.5.2 The total sample has been reduced to the particle size specified,  
4.5.3 No contamination has been introduced during processing of the sample,  
4.5.4 The ignition of the sample has eliminated all free or combined water without inducing sintering or alteration,  
4.5.5 An inert gas (helium) has been used in the test, and  
4.5.6 The test method has been conducted in a meticulous manner.  
4.5.7 Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the usefulness of the results.  
4.6 In interpreting the results of this test method, it must be recognized that the specified sample particle size is significantly finer than specified for Test Method C135. Even this finer particle size for the sample does not preclude the presence of some closed pores, and the amount of residual close...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the true specific gravity of solid materials, and is particularly useful for materials that easily hydrate which are not suitable for test with Test Method C135. This test method may be used as an alternate for Test Methods C135, C128, and C188 for determining true specific gravity.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—In 7.3, the equivalent SI unit is expressed in parentheses.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Practice for Calculating Areas, Volume, and Linear Change of Refractory Shapes

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3.1 Fireclay steel-teeming nozzles and sleeves are classified by volume reheat change. Bloating of some refractories results in irregular reheat dimensions, which are difficult to measure. This practice determines the volume without depending upon physical linear measurements.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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