ASTM D5125-97
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Paints and Related Materials by ISO Flow Cups
Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Paints and Related Materials by ISO Flow Cups
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flow time (viscosity) of Newtonian and near-Newtonian paints, and related coatings and products using ISO capillary flow cups.
Note 1-If the liquid is non-Newtonian, that is shear-thinning or thixotropic, Test Method D 2196 should be used.
1.2 The cup-orifice combination (ISO cup with orifice diameter of 3 mm, 4 mm, or 6 mm) is selected to provide an efflux time with the range of 20 to 100 s and viscosities up to 700 cSt (700 mm /s). The most commonly used cup is the one with the 4-mm orifice.
1.3 This test method is limited to testing materials for which the breakpoint of the flow from the orifice of the flow cup can be determined with certainty. This point is difficult to determine and reproduce for materials with flow times in excess of 100 s due to slowing-down effects.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2-The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) include in their regulations a similar test (ISO 2431) to determine the viscosity of hazardous viscous liquids. The viscosity is then used to place these liquids in a hazard packaging group depending on their viscosity/flashpoint relationship. The U. S. Department of Transportation permits the use of these regulations for transhipment of hazardous material within the U.S. when bound for foreign destinations.
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Designation:D5125–97
Standard Test Method for
Viscosity of Paints and Related Materials by ISO Flow Cups
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
Materials
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flow
D 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
time (viscosity) of Newtonian and near-Newtonian paints, and
Pigmented Coatings
related coatings and products using ISO capillary flow cups.
E 1 Specifications for ASTM Thermometers
NOTE 1—If the liquid is non-Newtonian, that is shear-thinning or
2.2 ISO Documents:
thixotropic, Test Method D 2196 should be used.
ISO 2431 Paints and Varnishes: Determination of Flow
1.2 The cup-orifice combination (ISO cup with orifice
Time by Use of a Flow Cup
diameter of 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, or 6 mm) is selected to
3. Terminology
provide an efflux time with the range of 20 to 100 s and
viscosities up to 700 cSt (700 mm /s). The most commonly
3.1 Definitions:
used cup is the one with the 4-mm orifice.
3.1.1 dynamic viscosity—the ratio of the applied shear
1.3 Thistestmethodislimitedtotestingmaterialsforwhich
stress to shear rate.
the breakpoint of the flow from the orifice of the flow cup can
3.1.1.1 Discussion—TheSIunitfordynamicviscosityisthe
be determined with certainty. This point is difficult to deter-
pascal second (Pas). The traditional unit is the centipoise (cP);
mine and reproduce for materials with flow times in excess of
1cP 5 1 mPas.
100 s due to slowing-down effects.
3.1.2 flow time—the elapsed time from the moment when
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
the material under test starts to flow from the orifice of the
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
filled cup to the moment when the flow stream of material first
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
breaks close to the orifice.
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
3.1.3 kinematic viscosity—the ratio of the dynamic viscos-
limitations prior to use.
ity to the density of the liquid.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The SI unit for kinematic viscosity is
NOTE 2—TheInternationalCivilAviationOrganization(ICAO)andthe
the square metre per second (m /s). The traditional unit is the
International Maritime Organization (IMO) include in their regulations a
centistokes (cSt); 1 cSt 51mm /s.
similar test (ISO 2431) to determine the viscosity of hazardous viscous
liquids. The viscosity is then used to place these liquids in a hazard 3.1.4 near-Newtonian liquid—a liquid in which the varia-
packaging group depending on their viscosity/flashpoint relationship. The
tion of viscosity with shear rate is small and the effect on
U.S.DepartmentofTransportationpermitstheuseoftheseregulationsfor
viscosity of mechanical disturbances such as stirring is negli-
transhipment of hazardous material within the U.S. when bound for
gible.
foreign destinations.
3.1.5 Newtonian liquid—a liquid in which the viscosity is
independent of the shear stress or shear rate. Compare non-
2. Referenced Documents
Newtonian liquid.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.6 non-Newtonian liquid—a liquid in which the ratio of
D 2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
shear stress to shear rate is not constant.
Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield) Viscom-
eter
4. Summary of Test Method
D 3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-
4.1 The ISO flow cup is filled level full with the material
under test that has been conditioned at the specified measuring
temperature (see 10.2.2) and the time for the material to flow
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paints
through one of the standard orifices is determined.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved March 10, 1997. Published October 1997. Originally
published as D 5125 – 91. Last previous edition D 5125 – 91.
2 4
An ISO-type cup with an orifice diameter of 8 mm is available, but it is not Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
listed in ISO 2431 and precision and accuracy are not known. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5125
5. Significance and Use 7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Certified kinematic viscosity standards.
5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of
package and application viscosities of paints and other coat-
8. Sampling
ings. It is limited to Newtonian or near-Newtonian liquids.
8.1 Sample material according to Practice D 3925.
5.2 This test method may be used similarly to ISO 2431 in
8.2 Before testing, it is advisable to strain the sample
conjunction with flashpoint to determine the hazard grouping
through an appropriate sieve into a clean dry container. This is
of viscous liquids in international regulations.
mandatory for referee purposes. Mix the material thoroughly
while at the same time avoiding, as far as possible, loss of
6. Apparatus
solvent by evaporation.
6.1 ISO Capillary Flow Cups—ISO cups look like Ford
NOTE 4—150 mL of strained material is sufficient for one test.
cups, but instead of the non-capillary hole in the bottom of the
9. Calibration
Ford cup, the ISO cup has a 20-mm capillary and is more like
a true capillary viscometer.
9.1 Dimensionally similar cups will give, with Newtonian
liquids, such as a standard oil, similar flow times, provided that
6.1.1 Dimensions—ThedimensionsoftheISOflowcupand
the temperature of testing is precisely the same. The use of
the tolerances allowed in manufacture shall be as given in Fig.
such liquids to calibrate cups provides a useful means of
1. The most critical tolerance is the internal diameter of the jet
initially checking that dimensionally similar cups are within
of the cup, because the flow time is inversely proportional to
the accepted tolerances of performance and also for checking
the fourth power of this dimension. The jet of the cup shall be
from time to time whether any wear or damage has taken place
made of stainless steel or sintered carbide unless otherwise
sufficient to bring a cup outside the accepted tolerances.
specified, and the body of the cup shall be made of a material
9.2 For calibration of any particular cup, use a standard oil
that is corrosion resistant and is not affected by the products to
of known kinematic viscosity and draw a graph of kinematic
be tested.
viscosity versus temperature from the data given by the
6.1.2 Construction—The dimensions not specified, such as
supplier for the oil.
wall thickness, shall be such that no distortion of the cup can
9.3 Using the relevant procedure described in Section 1010,
occur in use. The external shape shown in Fig. 1 is recom-
determine the flow of time of the oil at a known temperature
mended, but may be modified for convenience of use, or
within the range 68 to 80°F (20 to 30°C), measured to the
manufacture, provided that the protruding jet of the cup is
nearest 0.1°C.
protected from accidental damage as far as possible by an 9.3.1 Recordthisflowtime,whichshouldbeintherange30
external protective sleeve. Such a protective sleeve shall not be to 100 s and preferably near the midpoint of this range, to an
accuracy of 0.2 s.
immediately adjacent to the jet, so as to prevent a capillary
9.4 From the prepared graph, read the kinematic viscosity at
action when the material under test flows out.
the test temperature.
6.1.3 Finish—The interior surfaces of the cups, including
9.4.1 Using the appropriate calibration graph of Fig. 2, Fig.
the orifice, shall be smooth and free of turning marks, crevices,
3, Fig. 4 or Fig. 5, read the flow time corresponding to this
ledges and burrs that may cause random flow, or trap sample or
kinematic viscosity.
cleaning material. The standard of finish required is equivalent
9.5 If the two values of flow time obtained do not differ by
toamaximumroughnessofnotmorethan0.5µm(seeNote3).
more than 3 %, the cup may be deemed satisfactory for use.
9.6 For reference purposes, a correction factor correspond-
NOTE 3—Roughness defined as the arithmetical mean deviation R
a
from the mean line of the profile. ing to the flow time deviation from that obtained using the oil
may be applied.
6.2 Thermo
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