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ASTM C233-10

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete

Standard Test Method for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Specification C260. These tests are based on arbitrary stipulations permitting highly standardized testing in the laboratory, and are not intended to simulate actual job conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of materials proposed for use as air-entraining admixtures in the field.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2010
ICS
91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.23 - Chemical Admixtures
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C233-07 - Standard Test Method for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Replaced By
ASTM C233/C233M-10a - Standard Test Method for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
Effective Date
15-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM C666/C666M-15 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM C260/C260M-10a(2016) - Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM C1105-08a(2016) - Standard Test Method for Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C233–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C233; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
1.1 This test method covers the testing of materials pro-
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete
posed for use as air-entraining admixtures in the field.
Test Specimens in the Laboratory
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
C231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
crete by the Pressure Method
purposes only.
C232 Test Methods for Bleeding of Concrete
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C260 Specification forAir-EntrainingAdmixtures for Con-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
crete
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
C666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to
1.4 The text of this test method references notes and
Rapid Freezing and Thawing
footnoteswhichprovideexplanatorymaterial.Thesenotesand
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
considered as requirements of the standard.
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
2. Referenced Documents
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
2
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Glass Electrode
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
2.2 ACI Standards:
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-
ACI 211.1 Recommended Practice for Selecting Propor-
lindrical Concrete Specimens
3
tions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
3. Significance and Use
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
3.1 This test method is used to develop data for comparison
Aggregates
with the requirements of Specification C260. These tests are
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
based on arbitrary stipulations permitting highly standardized
Concrete
testinginthelaboratory,andarenotintendedtosimulateactual
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
job conditions.
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
4. Materials
C172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
4.1 Cement—Thecementusedinanyseriesoftestsshallbe
C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly
either the cement proposed for specific work in accordance
Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
with 4.4, a Type I or Type II cement conforming to Specifica-
tion C150, or a blend of two or more cements, in equal parts.
Each cement of the blend shall conform to the requirements of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
either Type I or Type II, Specification C150. If a blend of
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
cements is used, it shall be a combination which produces an
C09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originally air content of less than 10% when tested in accordance with
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C233–07. DOI:
Test Method C185 (Note 4).
10.1520/C0233-10
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on American Concrete Institute Manual of Concrete Practice, Part 1, pp. 211-1 to
the ASTM website. 211-38 (1993).
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C233–10
4.2 Aggregates—Except when tests are made in accordance
Specification C33, No. 57 Maximum variation from
Sieve Percent Passing average/passing
with 4.4, using the aggregates proposed for specific work, the
37.5-mm 100 00
fineandcoarseaggregatesusedinanyseriesoftestsshallcome
25.0-mm 95
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C233–07 Designation:C233–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C233; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the testing of materials proposed for use as air-entraining admixtures in the field.
1.2 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationpurposes
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method
C232 Test Methods for Bleeding of Concrete
C260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
2.2 ACI Standards:
3
ACI 211.1 Recommended Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Specification C260.These tests are based
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.23 on
Chemical Admixtures.
Current edition approved July 15, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C233–04. DOI:
10.1520/C0233-07.
CurrenteditionapprovedDec.1,2010.PublishedJanuary2011.Originallyapprovedin1949.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asC233–07.DOI:10.1520/C0233-10
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
American Concrete Institute Manual of Concrete Practice, Part 1, pp. 211-1 to 211-38 (1993).
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C233–10
on arbitrary stipulations permitting highly standardized testing in the laboratory, and are not intended to simulate actual job
conditions.
4. Materials
4.1 Cement—The cement used in any series of tests shall be either the cement proposed for specific work in accordance with
4.4, aType I orType II cement conforming to Specification C150, or a blend of two or more cements, in equal parts. Each cement
of the blend shall conform to the requirements of either Type I or Type II, Specification C150. If a blend of cements is used, it
...

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ASTM C1293/C1293M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Alkali-silica reaction is a chemical interaction between some siliceous constituents of concrete aggregates and hydroxyl ions (1).5 The concentration of hydroxyl ion within the concrete is predominantly controlled by the concentration of sodium and potassium (2).  
4.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the potential of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag to expand deleteriously due to any form of alkali-silica reactivity (3, 4).  
4.3 If testing an aggregate with pozzolan or slag, the results are used to establish minimum amounts of the specific pozzolan or slag needed to prevent deleterious expansion. Pozzolan or slag from a specific source can be tested individually or in combination with pozzolan or slag from other sources.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers apparatus, materials, and procedures for capping freshly molded concrete cylinders with neat cement and hardened cylinders and drilled concrete cores with high-strength gypsum paste or sulfur mortar.  
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This test method covers the determination of strength of cylindrical concrete specimens that have been molded in place using special molds attached to formwork. A concrete cylinder mold assembly consisting of a mold and a tubular support member is fastened within the concrete formwork prior to placement of the concrete. The elevation of the mold upper edge is adjusted to correspond to the plane of the finished slab surface. The mold support prevents direct contact of the slab concrete with the outside of the mold and permits its easy removal from the hardened concrete. Strength of cast-in-place cylinders may be used for various purposes, such as estimating the load-bearing capacity of slabs, determining the time of form and shore removal, and determining the effectiveness of curing and protection. Consolidation of concrete in the mold may be varied to simulate the conditions of placement. Internal vibration of concrete in the mold is prohibited except under special circumstances.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of strength of cylindrical concrete specimens that have been molded in place using special molds attached to formwork. This test method is limited to use in slabs where the depth of concrete is from 125 mm to 300 mm [5 in. to 12 in.].  
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4.1 Existing practices and test methods for fabricating fresh concrete test specimens are not suited to SCC. This practice provides requirements and procedures for fabricating test specimens with SCC having a slump flow of 500 mm [20 in.] or greater.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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ASTM C1231/C1231M-23(Practice)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides for using an unbonded capping system in testing hardened concrete cylinders made in accordance with Practices C31/C31M or C192/C192M, or cores obtained in accordance with Test Method C42/C42M in lieu of the capping systems described in Practice C617/C617M.  
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Note 1: Sieve sizes openings are identified by their Specification E11 designation with their alternative Specification E11 designation given in parentheses for information only.  
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ASTM C1701/C1701M-17a(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rate of In Place Pervious Concrete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tests performed at the same location across a span of years may be used to detect a reduction of infiltration rate of the pervious concrete, thereby identifying the need for remediation.  
5.2 The infiltration rate obtained by this method is valid only for the localized area of the pavement where the test is conducted. To determine the infiltration rate of the entire pervious pavement multiple locations must be tested and the results averaged.  
5.3 The field infiltration rate is typically established by the design engineer of record and is a function of the design precipitation event.  
5.4 This test method does not measure the influence on in-place infiltration rate due to sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab. Visual inspection of concrete cores is the best approach for determining sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the field water infiltration rate of in place pervious concrete.
Note 1: For permeable unit pavement systems, Test Method C1781/C1781M should be used. Test Method C1781/C1781M is functionally identical to this test method but includes added provisions for positioning and securing the test ring to a discontinuous surface. Both tests methods give comparable results  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes that provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C173/C173M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method covers the determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete. It measures the air contained in the mortar fraction of the concrete, but is not affected by air that may be present inside porous aggregate particles.  
4.1.1 Therefore, this is the appropriate test to determine the air content of concretes containing lightweight aggregates, air-cooled slag, and highly porous or vesicular natural aggregates.  
4.2 This test method requires the addition of sufficient isopropyl alcohol, when the meter is initially being filled with water, so that after the first or subsequent rollings little or no foam collects in the neck of the top section of the meter. If more foam is present than that equivalent to 2 % air above the water level, the test is declared invalid and must be repeated using a larger quantity of alcohol. Addition of alcohol to dispel foam any time after the initial filling of the meter to the zero mark is not permitted.  
4.3 The air content of hardened concrete may be either higher or lower than that determined by this test method. This depends upon the methods and amounts of consolidation effort applied to the concrete from which the hardened concrete specimen is taken; uniformity and stability of the air bubbles in the fresh and hardened concrete; accuracy of the microscopic examination, if used; time of comparison; environmental exposure; stage in the delivery, placement and consolidation processes at which the air content of the unhardened concrete is determined, that is, before or after the concrete goes through a pump; and other factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete containing any type of aggregate, whether it be dense, cellular, or lightweight.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C138/C138M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete

ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the density of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the unit weight, yield or relative yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials. The test method shall use the following apparatuses: balance or scale; tamping rod, which is a round straight steel rod having the tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip; internal vibrator which may have rigid of flexible shafts, preferably powered by electric motors; measure, which is a cylindrical container made of steel or other suitable metal specified herein; strike-off plate; mallet; and scoop of a size large enough so each amount of concrete obtained from the sampling receptacle is representative and small enough so it is not spilled during placement in the measure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the density (see Note 1) of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Unit weight was the previous terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is mass per unit volume.  
1.3 The text of this test method refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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