ASTM D494-04(2010)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Acetone Extraction of Phenolic Molded or Laminated Products
Standard Test Method for Acetone Extraction of Phenolic Molded or Laminated Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
For molded phenolic products, acetone extraction shall be considered solely as a quantitative expression of a property normally associated with degree of cure. There is no demonstrably rigorous relation between the optimum mechanical and electrical properties of a well-cured piece and the numerical value of the acetone test. The amount of acetone-soluble matter is affected by: (1) nature of resin and filler, (2) lubricant, (3) molding temperature, (4) length of cure, (5) thickness of the section from which sample is taken, (6) nature of molded piece, (7) technique used in molding, (8) distribution of fines in the material to be extracted, and (9) method of grinding the specimen. These variations under some conditions will cause a difference of 3 to 4 % in acetone-extractable matter. For this reason, the test method shall be used only as a comparative test for measuring undercure.
For laminated phenolic products, acetone extraction indicates change in stage of cure, change in resin content, change in type of resin used, presence of plasticizers or other acetone-extractable addition agents, and is affected in general by the same factors as stated in 6.1
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of acetone-soluble matter in molded or laminated phenolic products.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—This test method is similar to ISO 308.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D494–04 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Acetone Extraction of Phenolic Molded or Laminated
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Reapproved with editorial changes in July 2010.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount 3.1 All definitions are in accordance with Terminology
of acetone-soluble matter in molded or laminated phenolic D883.
products.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. 4.1 For molded phenolic products, acetone extraction shall
be considered solely as a quantitative expression of a property
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the normally associated with degree of cure. There is no demon-
strably rigorous relation between the optimum mechanical and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- electrical properties of a well-cured piece and the numerical
value of the acetone test.The amount of acetone-soluble matter
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
is affected by: (1) nature of resin and filler, (2) lubricant, (3)
NOTE 1—This test method is similar to ISO 308.
molding temperature, (4) length of cure, (5) thickness of the
sectionfromwhichsampleistaken,(6)natureofmoldedpiece,
2. Referenced Documents
(7) technique used in molding, (8) distribution of fines in the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
material to be extracted, and (9) method of grinding the
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
specimen. These variations under some conditions will cause a
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
difference of 3 to 4 % in acetone-extractable matter. For this
E11 Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
reason, the test method shall be used only as a comparative test
Sieves
for measuring undercure.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
4.2 For laminated phenolic products, acetone extraction
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
indicates change in stage of cure, change in resin content,
2.2 ISO Standards:
change in type of resin used, presence of plasticizers or other
ISO 308 Plastics—Phenolic moulding materials—
acetone-extractable addition agents, and is affected in general
Determination of acetone-soluble matter (apparent resin
by the same factors as stated in 6.1
content of material in the unmoulded state)
5. Apparatus
5.1 Sieves—The set of sieves used shall consist of sieves
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
Nos. 40 (425-µm) and 140 (106-µm), with a cover and
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.
receiving pan, conforming to the requirements of Specification
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally
E11.
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D494 - 04. DOI:
10.1520/D0494-04R10E01.
5.2 Extraction Apparatus—The apparatus may be of the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
type shown in Fig. 1, or a Wiley-Richardson type, as shown in
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fig. 2. The former type is more suitable for use with small
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. electric hot plates, while the latter is more suitable for use with
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D494–04 (2010)
oil or water baths. In either case, it shall be possible to control
the temperature so that the rate of extraction can be regulated
accurately.
5.3 Drying Dishes—The drying dishes shall be lightweight
dishes, approximately 63.5 mm [2 ⁄2 in.] in diameter and 38.1
mm [1 ⁄2 in.] in height.
6. Preparation of Sample
6.1 Precautions—It is of utmost importance that extreme
care shall be taken during the preparation of the sample for
extraction. The sample shall be drillings if possible; however,
if not possible, other suitable means of producing particles
equivalent to drillings shall be used. Drillings taken from a
large molded product shall be truly representative of all
sections of the part in proper proportions. The drills for
sampling shall be kept sharp and so operated that no undue
heating of the material shall occur which will tend to precure
the material.
NOTE 2—If it is impracticable to obtain samples by drilling, the parts
may be broken up with a lathe, planer, milling machine, or a suitable
grinder. A mortar and pestle or a pebble mill is considered suitable as a
grinder, provided no perceptible heating occurs during the grinding
procedure. A sharp file or rasp may be used for procuring the sample
where the size or shape of the part is such that no other method is suitable.
6.2 In any case, the particles of the sample shall be of the
smallest size practicable, so that they will pass through the No.
40 sieve with the minimum of reworking or grinding. It is
important in preparing the sample that the smallest possible
volume shall be obtained for a unit weight of the material.
FIG. 1 Extraction Apparatus 6.3 The sample shall be sieved through a No. 40 sieve and
that part which will not pass through shall be reground and
blended with the original material passing the sieve. After
assembling the Nos. 40 and 140 sieves and the receiving pan,
the sample shall be placed in the top sieve, the cover placed on,
and the entire sample shall be resieved either by a mechanical
sieve shaker or hand sieving. If the hand-sieving method is
used, the sieve shall be rotated with slight tapping, the period
of rotation being 5 min.
6.4 After sieving, the sample (that portion which has passed
through the No. 40 sieve and has been retained on the No. 140
sieve) shall be placed immediately in an airtight container to
prevent absorption of moisture by the powder and the conse-
quent error in results.
7. Conditioning
7.1 Condition the test specimens at 23 6 2°C [73.4 6
3.6°F] and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 40 h
prior to test in accordance wit
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