ASTM D494-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Acetone Extraction of Phenolic Molded or Laminated Products
Standard Test Method for Acetone Extraction of Phenolic Molded or Laminated Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
For molded phenolic products, acetone extraction shall be considered solely as a quantitative expression of a property normally associated with degree of cure. There is no demonstrably rigorous relation between the optimum mechanical and electrical properties of a well-cured piece and the numerical value of the acetone test. The amount of acetone-soluble matter is affected by: (1) nature of resin and filler, (2) lubricant, (3) molding temperature, (4) length of cure, (5) thickness of the section from which sample is taken, (6) nature of molded piece, (7) technique used in molding, (8) distribution of fines in the material to be extracted, and (9) method of grinding the specimen. These variations under some conditions will cause a difference of 3 to 4 % in acetone-extractable matter. For this reason, the test method shall be used only as a comparative test for measuring undercure.
For laminated phenolic products, acetone extraction indicates change in stage of cure, change in resin content, change in type of resin used, presence of plasticizers or other acetone-extractable addition agents, and is affected in general by the same factors as stated in 6.1
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of acetone-soluble matter in molded or laminated phenolic products.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—This test method is similar to ISO 308.
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Designation: D494 − 11
Standard Test Method for
Acetone Extraction of Phenolic Molded or Laminated
1
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount 4.1 For molded phenolic products, acetone extraction shall
of acetone-soluble matter in molded or laminated phenolic be considered solely as a quantitative expression of a property
products. normally associated with degree of cure. There is no demon-
strably rigorous relation between the optimum mechanical and
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
electrical properties of a well-cured piece and the numerical
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
value of the acetone test.The amount of acetone-soluble matter
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
is affected by: (1 ) nature of resin and filler, (2) lubricant, (3)
tion only and are not considered standard.
molding temperature, (4) length of cure, (5) thickness of the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
section from which sample is taken, (6 ) nature of molded
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
piece,(7)techniqueusedinmolding,(8)distribution of fines in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the material to be extracted, and (9) method of grinding the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
specimen. These variations under some conditions will cause a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
difference of 3 to 4 % in acetone-extractable matter. For this
NOTE 1—This test method is similar to ISO 308. reason, the test method shall be used only as a comparative test
for measuring undercure.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 For laminated phenolic products, acetone extraction
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: indicates change in stage of cure, change in resin content,
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
change in type of resin used, presence of plasticizers or other
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics acetone-extractable addition agents, and is affected in general
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test by the same factors as stated in 6.1
Sieves
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to 5. Apparatus
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.1 Sieves—The set of sieves used shall consist of sieves
Nos. 40 (425-µm) and 140 (106-µm), with a cover and
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 308 Plastics—Phenolic moulding materials— receiving pan, conforming to the requirements of Specification
E11.
Determination of acetone-soluble matter (apparent resin
content of material in the unmoulded state)
5.2 Extraction Apparatus—The apparatus may be of the
type shown in Fig. 1, or a Wiley-Richardson type, as shown in
3. Terminology
Fig. 2. The former type is more suitable for use with small
electric hot plates, while the latter is more suitable for use with
3.1 All definitions are in accordance with Terminology
D883. oil or water baths. In either case, it shall be possible to control
the temperature so that the rate of extraction can be regulated
accurately.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics 5.3 Drying Dishes—The drying dishes shall be lightweight
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods. 1
dishes, approximately 63.5 mm (2 ⁄2 in.) in diameter and 38.1
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originally
1
mm (1 ⁄2 in.) in height.
ε1
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D494 - 04(2010) .
DOI: 10.1520/D0494-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6. Preparation of Sample
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Precautions—It is of utmost importance that extreme
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. care shall be taken during the preparation of the sample for
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D494 − 11
extraction. The sample shall be drillings if possible; however,
if not possible, other suitable means of producing particles
equivalent to drillings shall be used. Drillings taken from a
large molded product shall be truly representat
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D494–04 (Reapproved 2010) Designation:D494–11
Standard Test Method for
Acetone Extraction of Phenolic Molded or Laminated
1
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Reapproved with editorial changes in July 2010.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of acetone-soluble matter in molded or laminated phenolic
products.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This test method is similar to ISO 308.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 308 Plastics—Phenolic moulding materials—Determination of acetone-soluble matter (apparent resin content of material
in the unmoulded state)
3. Terminology
3.1 All definitions are in accordance with Terminology D883.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 For molded phenolic products, acetone extraction shall be considered solely as a quantitative expression of a property
normally associated with degree of cure. There is no demonstrably rigorous relation between the optimum mechanical and
electrical properties of a well-cured piece and the numerical value of the acetone test. The amount of acetone-soluble matter is
affected by: (1 ) nature of resin and filler, (2) lubricant, (3) molding temperature, (4) length of cure, (5) thickness of the section
from which sample is taken, (6 ) nature of molded piece, (7) technique used in molding, (8) distribution of fines in the material
to be extracted, and (9) method of grinding the specimen. These variations under some conditions will cause a difference of 3 to
4 % in acetone-extractable matter. For this reason, the test method shall be used only as a comparative test for measuring
undercure.
4.2 For laminated phenolic products, acetone extraction indicates change in stage of cure, change in resin content, change in
type of resin used, presence of plasticizers or other acetone-extractable addition agents, and is affected in general by the same
factors as stated in 6.1
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D494-04. DOI:
10.1520/D0494-04R10E01.
´1
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D494 - 04(2010) . DOI:
10.1520/D0494-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For AnnualBookofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D494–11
5. Apparatus
5.1 Sieves—The set of sieves used shall consist of sieves Nos. 40 (425-µm) and 140 (106-µm), with a cover and receiving pan,
conforming to the requirements of Specification E11.
5.2 Extraction Apparatus—The apparatus may be of the type shown in Fig. 1, or a Wiley-Richardson type, as shown in Fig.
2. The former type is more suitable for use with small electric hot plates, while the latter is more suitable for use with oil or water
baths. In either case, it shall be possible to con
...
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