ASTM D1388-96(2002)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics
Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of stiffness properties of fabrics. Bending length is measured and flexural rigidity is calculated. Two procedures are provided.
1.1.1 Option A—Cantilever Test, employing the principle of cantilever bending of the fabric under its own mass.
1.1.2 Option B—Heart Loop Test, employing the principle of a loop formed in a fabric strip and hung vertically.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The U.S. customary units may be approximate.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D1388–96 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
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Stiffness of Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1388; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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1. Scope TEX-PAC
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of stiffness
3. Terminology
properties of fabrics. Bending length is measured and flexural
3.1 Definitions:
rigidity is calculated. Two procedures are provided.
3.1.1 bending length, n—in textiles, a measure of the
1.1.1 OptionA—CantileverTest,employingtheprincipleof
interactionbetweenfabricweightandfabricstiffnessasshown
cantilever bending of the fabric under its own mass.
by the way in which a fabric bends under its own weight.
1.1.2 Option B—Heart Loop Test, employing the principle
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Bending length reflects the stiffness of
of a loop formed in a fabric strip and hung vertically.
a fabric when bent in one plane under the force of gravity and
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including
is one component of drape.
wovenfabrics,airbagfabrics,blankets,nappedfabrics,knitted
3.1.2 cross-machine direction, CD, n—the direction in the
fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics. The fabrics may be
plane of the fabric perpendicular to the direction of manufac-
untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise
ture.
treated.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The term cross-machine direction is
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
used to refer to the direction analogous to coursewise or filling
standard. The U.S. customary units may be approximate.
direction in knitted or woven fabrics, respectively.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 fabric, n—in textiles, a planar structure consisting of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
yarns or fibers.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 flexural rigidity, n—a measure of stiffness, where two
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
equal and opposite forces are acting along parallel lines on
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
eitherendofastripofunitwidthbentintounitcurvatureinthe
2. Referenced Documents absence of any tension.
3.1.5 machine direction, MD, n—the direction in the plane
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 of the fabric parallel to the direction of manufacture.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
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3.1.5.1 Discussion—The term machine direction is used to
D1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
refer to the direction analogous to walewise or warp direction
D2904 PracticeforInterlaboratoryTestingofaTextileTest
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in knitted or woven fabrics, respectively.
Method That Produces Normally Distributed Data
3.1.6 stiffness, n—resistance to bending.
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
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3.1.7 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
Textiles
method, refer to Terminology D123.
D3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of
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Woven Fabric
4. Summary of Test Method Options
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
4.1 Option A, Cantilever Test—A specimen is slid at a
specified rate in a direction parallel to its long dimension, until
1 its leading edge projects from the edge of a horizontal surface.
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, The length of the overhang is measured when the tip of the
Specific.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002. Published June 1996. Originally
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published as D1388–56T. Discontinued 1995 and reinstated as D1388–96. PC programs on floppy disks for analyzing Committee D-13 interlaboratory
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. dataareavailablethroughASTM.For3 ⁄2in.disksrequestPCN:12-429040-18,for
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02. 5 ⁄4 in. disk request PCN: 12-429041-18.
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D1388–96 (2002)
specimen is depressed under its own mass to the point where
the line joining the top to the edge of the platform makes a
0.924 rad (41.5°) angle with the horizontal. From this mea-
sured length, the bending length and flexural rigidity are
calculated.
4.2 Option B, Heart Loop Test—Astrip of fabric is formed
into a heart-shaped loop. The length of the loop is measured
when it is hanging vertically under its own mass. From this
measured length, the bending length a
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