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ASTM D3775-08

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics

Standard Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because it has been used extensively in the trade for that purpose.
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of warp end count and filling pick count and is applicable to all types of woven fabrics.  
Note 1—Historically, the term fabric count has been used to describe the end and pick count of woven fabrics. The terms warp (end) and filling (pick) count are replacing the term fabric count, to provide clarity.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2008
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3775-07a - Standard Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Replaced By
ASTM D3775-12 - Standard Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012
Referred By
ASTM D2646-18 - Standard Guide for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM D5446-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM D6337-98(2019) - Standard Practice for Physical Characterization of Woven Paint Applicator Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM D6674-01(2017) - Standard Guide for Proficiency Test Program for Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM D1464-12(2019) - Standard Practice for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4028/D4028M-13(2021) - Standard Specification for Solar Screening Woven from Vinyl-Coated Fiber Glass Yarn
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM D3656/D3656M-13(2021) - Standard Specification for Insect Screening and Louver Cloth Woven from<brk/>Vinyl-Coated Glass Yarns
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4389/D4389M-23 - Standard Specification for Finished Glass Fabrics Woven From Rovings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM D579/D579M-15 - Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM D7507-23 - Standard Specification for Woven High Stretch Fabrics Used in Apparel
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM D580/D580M-15 - Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Tapes and Webbings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
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ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
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ASTM D1668/D1668M-97a(2021) - Standard Specification for Glass Fabrics (Woven and Treated) for Roofing and Waterproofing
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ASTM D3775-08 - Standard Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven FabricsASTM D3775-08 - Standard Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3775 − 08
StandardTest Method for
1
Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3775; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
count, end, end count, filling, pick, pick count, thread count.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of warp end
thread count
count and filling pick count and is applicable to all types of
woven fabrics. 3.2 For all terminology related to Home Furnishings, refer
to Terminology D7023.
NOTE 1—Historically, the term fabric count has been used to describe
the end and pick count of woven fabrics. The terms warp (end) and filling
3.3 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminol-
(pick) count are replacing the term fabric count, to provide clarity.
ogy D123.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
4.1 The number of warp yarns (ends) per unit distance and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the filling yarns (picks) per unit distance are determined using
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
suitable magnifying and counting devices or by raveling yarns
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- from fabrics. See ANSI Z1.4.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
2. Referenced Documents
tancetestingofcommercialshipmentsbecauseithasbeenused
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
extensively in the trade for that purpose.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles 5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a
Methods statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-
D7023 Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings tance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative
test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same
2.2 Other Standard:
3
lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4—Inspection by Attributes
during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers
to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories
3. Terminology
involved should be compared using a statistical test for
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test
unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing
Methods, General, refer to Terminology D4850
series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and
corrected, or future test results for that material must be
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Fabric
Test Methods, Specific
6. Apparatus
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Replaces Sections
6.1 Use any suitable device, such as pick glass, rule and
28 to 34 of Methods D1910 – 64 (1975). Originally approved in 1979 as
D3775 – 79. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3775 – 07a. DOI:
pointer, microfilm reader, or projection equipment. The use of
10.1520/D3775-08.
optical sensing equipment may be used as agreed upon by the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
purchaser and supplier.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer tot he standard’s Document Summary page on
1
6.2 Use a scale graduated in mm ( ⁄16 in.) to measure the
the ASTM website.
3
width of the fabric test specimen to be raveled for a count of
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. yarns.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3775 − 08
7. Sampling 9.3 Specific Fabric Counts
9.3.1 For fabrics containing less than 1 yarn per mm (25
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
yarns per in), count the number of warp yarns (ends) over a 75
take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in an
mm (3 in.) width, in five randomly selected places ac
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 3775–07a Designation:D 3775–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3775; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of warp end count and filling pick count and is applicable to all types of woven
fabrics.
NOTE 1—Historically, the term fabric count has been used to describe the end and pick count of woven fabrics. The terms warp (end) and filling (pick)
count are replacing the term fabric count, to provide clarity.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabric
D 7023 Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings
2.2 Other Standard:
3
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4—Inspection by Attributes
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test Methods, General, refer to Terminology D 4850
3.1.1 Thefollowingtermsarerelevanttothisstandard:count,end,endcount,filling,pick,pickcount,threadcount.threadcount
3.2 For all terminology related to Home Furnishings, refer to Terminology D 7023.
3.3 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D 123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The number of warp yarns (ends) per unit distance and filling yarns (picks) per unit distance are determined using suitable
magnifying and counting devices or by raveling yarns from fabrics. See ANSI Z1.4.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because it has been used
extensively in the trade for that purpose.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative
test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a
minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material
as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory.
The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level
chosenpriortothetestingseries.Ifbiasisfound,eitheritscausemustbefoundandcorrected,orfuturetestresultsforthatmaterial
must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Fabric Test Methods, Specific
Current edition approved Dec.July 1, 2007.2008. Published January 2008 . July 2008. Replaces Sections 28 to 34 of Methods D 1910 – 64 (1975). Originally approved
in 1979 as D 3775 – 79. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 3775 – 07a.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer tot he standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 3775–08
6. Apparatus
6.1Use any suitable device, such as pick glass, rule and pointer, microfilm reader, or projection equipment.
6.1 Use any suitable device, such as pick glass, rule and pointer, microfilm reader, or projection equipment. The use of optical
sensing equipment may be used as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.
1
6.2 Use a scale graduated in mm ( ⁄16 in.) to measure the width of the fabric test specimen to be raveled for a count of yarns.
7. Sampling
7.1 Lot Sample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,takeatrandomthenumber
...

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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of end (warp) and pick (filling) count and is applicable to all types of woven fabrics.  
Note 1: Historically, the term fabric count has been used to describe the end and pick count of woven fabrics. The terms end count and pick count are replacing the term fabric count, to provide clarity.  
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1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this performance specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4157-13(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must accordingly be changed at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or changed after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests, but obviously similar abradants used in different laboratories will not likely change at the same rate due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.  
5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a spe...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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