ASTM F1216-98
(Practice)Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by the Inversion and Curing of a Resin-Impregnated Tube
Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by the Inversion and Curing of a Resin-Impregnated Tube
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the reconstruction of pipelines and conduits (4 to 96-in. diameter) by the installation of a resin-impregnated, flexible tube which is inverted into the existing conduit by use of a hydrostatic head or air pressure. The resin is cured by circulating hot water or introducing controlled steam within the tube. When cured, the finished pipe will be continuous and tight-fitting. This reconstruction process can be used in a variety of gravity and pressure applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, process piping, electrical conduits, and ventilation systems.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 7.4.2.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F 1216 – 98 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by the
1,2
Inversion and Curing of a Resin-Impregnated Tube
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
Plastics
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the recon-
D 3839 Practice for Underground Installation of Fiberglass
struction of pipelines and conduits (4 to 108-in. diameter) by
(Glass–Fiber–Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe
the installation of a resin-impregnated, flexible tube which is
F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
inverted into the existing conduit by use of a hydrostatic head
2.2 AWWA Standard:
or air pressure. The resin is cured by circulating hot water or
Manual on Cleaning and Lining Water Mains, M 28
introducing controlled steam within the tube. When cured, the
2.3 NASSCO Standard:
finished pipe will be continuous and tight-fitting. This recon-
Recommended Specifications for Sewer Collection System
struction process can be used in a variety of gravity and
Rehabilitation
pressure applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers,
process piping, electrical conduits, and ventilation systems.
NOTE 1—An ASTM specification for cured-in-place pipe materials
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
appropriate for use in this standard is under preparation and will be
referenced in this practice when published.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F 412
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D 1600,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
unless otherwise specified.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Descrip-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
tions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
precautionary statements, see 7.4.2.
3.2.1 cured-in-place pipe (CIPP)—a hollow cylinder con-
2. Referenced Documents
taining a nonwoven or a woven material, or a combination of
nonwoven and woven material surrounded by a cured thermo-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
setting resin. Plastic coatings may be included. This pipe is
D 543 Test Method for Resistance of Plastics to Chemical
formed within an existing pipe. Therefore, it takes the shape of
Reagents
and fits tightly to the existing pipe.
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
3.2.2 inversion—the process of turning the resin-
D 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
impregnated tube inside out by the use of water pressure or air
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
pressure.
als
3.2.3 lift—a portion of the CIPP that has cured in a position
D 903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe-
such that it has pulled away from the existing pipe wall.
sive Bonds
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers,
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-17 on Plastic
regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67on Trench-
are involved in the rehabilitation of conduits through the use of
less Plastic Pipeline Technology.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally
a resin-impregnated tube inverted through the existing conduit.
published as F 1216 – 89. Last previous edition F 1216 – 93.
The following report has been published on one of the processes: Driver, F. T.,
and Olson, M. R., “Demonstration of Sewer Relining by the Insituform Process,
Northbrook, Illinois,” EPA-600/2-83-064, Environmental Protection Agency, 1983. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
Interested parties can obtain copies from the Environmental Protection Agency or Available from the American Water Works Association, 6666 W. Quincey Ave,
from a local technical library. Denver, CO 80235.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Available from the National Association of Sewer Service Companies, 101
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06. Wymore Rd., Suite 501, Altamonte, FL 32714.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F 1216
As for any practice, modifications may be required for specific 7.1.3 Inspection of Pipelines—Inspection of pipelines
job conditions. should be performed by experienced personnel trained in
locating breaks, obstacles, and service connections by closed-
5. Materials
circuit television or man entry. The interior of the pipeline
5.1 Tube—The tube should consist of one or more layers of should be carefully inspected to determine the location of any
flexible needled felt or an equivalent nonwoven or woven
conditions that may prevent proper installation of the impreg-
material, or a combination of nonwoven and woven materials, nated tube, such as protruding service taps, collapsed or
capable of carrying resin, withstanding installation pressures
crushed pipe, and reductions in the cross-sectional area of more
and curing temperatures. The tube should be compatible with than 40 %. These conditions should be noted so that they can
the resin system used. The material should be able to stretch to
be corrected.
fit irregular pipe sections and negotiate bends. The outside
7.1.4 Line Obstructions—The original pipeline should be
layer of the tube should be plastic coated with a material that
clear of obstructions such as solids, dropped joints, protruding
is compatible with the resin system used. The tube should be
service connections, crushed or collapsed pipe, and reductions
fabricated to a size that, when installed, will tightly fit the
in the cross-sectional area of more than 40 % that will prevent
internal circumference and the length of the original conduit.
the insertion of the resin-impregnated tube. If inspection
Allowance should be made for circumferential stretching
reveals an obstruction that cannot be removed by conventional
during inversion.
sewer cleaning equipment, then a point repair excavation
5.2 Resin—A general purpose, unsaturated, styrene-based,
should be made to uncover and remove or repair the obstruc-
thermoset resin and catalyst system or an epoxy resin and
tion.
hardener that is compatible with the inversion process should
7.2 Resin Impregnation—The tube should be vacuum-
be used. The resin must be able to cure in the presence of water
impregnated with resin (wet-out) under controlled conditions.
and the initiation temperature for cure should be less than
The volume of resin used should be sufficient to fill all voids in
180°F (82.2°C). The CIPP system can be expected to have as
the tube material at nominal thickness and diameter. The
a minimum the initial structural properties given in Table 1.
volume should be adjusted by adding 5 to 10 % excess resin for
These physical strength properties should be determined in
the change in resin volume due to polymerization and to allow
accordance with Section 8.
for any migration of resin into the cracks and joints in the
original pipe.
6. Design Considerations
7.3 Bypassing—If bypassing of the flow is required around
6.1 General Guidelines—The design thickness of the CIPP
the sections of pipe designated for reconstruction, the bypass
is largely a function of the condition of the existing pipe.
should be made by plugging the line at a point upstream of the
Design equations and details are given in Appendix X1.
pipe to be reconstructed and pumping the flow to a downstream
point or adjacent system. The pump and bypass lines should be
7. Installation
of adequate capacity and size to handle the flow. Services
7.1 Cleaning and Inspection:
within this reach will be temporarily out of service.
7.1.1 Prior to entering access areas such as manholes, and
7.3.1 Public advisory services will be required to notify all
performing inspection or cleaning operations, an evaluation of
parties whose service laterals will be out of commission and to
the atmosphere to determine the presence of toxic or flammable
advise against water usage until the mainline is back in service.
vapors or lack of oxygen must be undertaken in accordance
7.4 Inversion:
with local, state, or federal safety regulations.
7.4.1 Using Hydrostatic Head—The wet-out tube should be
7.1.2 Cleaning of Pipeline—All internal debris should be
inserted through an existing manhole or other approved access
removed from the original pipeline. Gravity pipes should be
by means of an inversion process and the application of a
cleaned with hydraulically powered equipment, high-velocity
hydrostatic head sufficient to fully extend it to the next
jet cleaners, or mechanically powered equipment (see
designated manhole or termination point. The tube should be
NASSCO Recommended Specifications for Sewer Collection
inserted into the vertical inversion standpipe with the imper-
System Rehabilitation). Pressure pipelines should be cleaned
meable plastic membrane side out. At the lower end of the
with cable-attached devices or fluid-propelled devices as
inversion standpipe, the tube should be turned inside out and
shown in AWWA Manual on Cleaning and Lining Water
attached to the standpipe so that a leakproof seal is created. The
Mains, M 28.
inversion head should be adjusted to be of sufficient height to
cause the impregnated tube to invert from point of inversion to
A
TABLE 1 CIPP Initial Structural Properties
point of termination and hold the tube tight to the pipe wall,
producing dimples at side connections. Care should be taken
Minimum Value
during the inversion so as not to over-stress the felt fiber.
Property Test Method psi (MPa)
7.4.1.1 An alternative method of installation is a top inver-
Flexural strength D 790 4 500 (31)
sion. In this case, the tube is attached to a top ring and is
Flexural modulus D 790 250 000 (1 724)
inverted to form a standpipe from the tube itself or another
Tensile strength (for D 638 3 000 (21)
pressure pipes
method accepted by the engineer.
only)
A
NOTE 2—The tube manufacturer should provide information on the
The values in Table 1 are for field inspection. The purchaser should consult the
manufacturer for the long-term structural properties. maximum allowable tensile stress for the tube.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F 1216
7.4.2 Using Air Pressure—The wet-out tube should be resin manufacturer, during which time the recirculation of the
inserted through an existing manhole or other approved access water and cycling of the boiler to maintain the temperature
by means of an inversion process and the application of air continues. The curing of the CIPP must take into account the
pressure sufficient to fully extend it to the next designated existing pipe material, the resin system, and ground conditions
manhole or termination point. The tube should be connected by (temperature, moisture level, and thermal conductivity of soil).
an attachment at the upper end of the guide chute so that a
7.6.2 Using Steam—After inversion is completed, suitable
leakproof seal is created and with the impermeable plastic
steam-generating equipment is required to distribute steam
membranes side out. As the tube enters the guide chute, the
throughout the pipe. The equipment should be capable of
tube should be turned inside out. The inversion air pressure
delivering steam throughout the section to uniformly raise the
should be adjusted to be of sufficient pressure to cause the
temperature within the pipe above the temperature required to
impregnated tube to invert from point of inversion to point of
effect a cure of the resin. The temperature in the line during the
termination and hold the tube tight to the pipe wall, producing
cure period should be as recommended by the resin manufac-
dimples at side connections. Care should be taken during the
turer.
inversion so as not to overstress the woven and nonwoven
7.6.2.1 The steam-generating equipment should be fitted
materials.
with a suitable monitor to gage the temperature of the outgoing
steam. The temperature of the resin being cured should be
NOTE 3—Warning: Suitable precautions should be taken to eliminate
monitored by placing gages between the impregnated tube and
hazards to personnel in the proximity of the construction when pressurized
air is being use. the existing pipe at both ends to determine the temperature
during cure.
7.4.3 Required Pressures—Before the inversion begins, the
7.6.2.2 Initial cure will occur during temperature heat-up
tube manufacturer shall provide the minimum pressure re-
and is completed when exposed portions of the new pipe
quired to hold the tube tight against the existing conduit, and
appear to be hard and sound and the remote temperature sensor
the maximum allowable pressure so as not to damage the tube.
indicates that the temperature is of a magnitude to realize an
Once the inversion has started, the pressure shall be maintained
exotherm or cure in the resin. After initial cure is reached, the
between the minimum and maximum pressures until the
temperature should be raised to post-cure temperatures recom-
inversion has been completed. Should the pressure deviate
mended by the resin manufacturer. The post-cure temperature
from within the range of the minimum and maximum pres-
should be held for a period as recommended by the resin
sures, the installed tube shall be removed from the existing
manufacturer, during which time the distribution and control of
conduit.
steam to maintain the temperature continues. The curing of the
7.5 Lubricant—The use of a lubricant during inversion is
CIPP must take into account the existing pipe material, the
recommended to reduce friction during inversion. This lubri-
resin system, and ground conditions (temperature, moisture
cant should be poured into the inversion water in the downtube
level, and thermal conductivity of so
...
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