ASTM D3274-95
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Surface Disfigurement of Paint Films by Microbial (Fungal or Algal) Growth or Soil and Dirt Accumulation
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Surface Disfigurement of Paint Films by Microbial (Fungal or Algal) Growth or Soil and Dirt Accumulation
SCOPE
1.1 The photographic reference standards available for use with this test method provide a numerical basis for rating the degree of fungal and algal growth or soil and dirt accumulation on paint films.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 3274 – 95
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Degree of Surface Disfigurement of Paint Films
by Microbial (Fungal or Algal) Growth or Soil and Dirt
Accumulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3274; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.2.1 Discussion—Spores tend to be spherical in morphol-
ogy and are observed singly or in clusters. Spores may or may
1.1 The photographic reference standards available for use
not be associated with fungal mycelia and can range in a wide
with this test method provide a numerical basis for rating the
variety of colors. Although primarily gray or black, some
degree of fungal and algal growth or soil and dirt accumulation
spores are even green in color and have been mistaken as
on paint films.
terrestrial algae. Spores of Aureobasidium pullulans magnified
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1003 are shown in Fig. 1.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.3 hyphae—thread-like, tubular, fungal filaments that com-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
pose the mycelium. Hyphae may appear individually or have
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
spores attached.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3.1 Discussion—Hyphae of Aureobasidium pullulans,
2. Referenced Documents
magnified 503 are shown in Fig. 2.
3.4 mycelium—vegetative mass of hyphae forming the body
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of a fungus.
D 4610 Guide for Determining the Presence of and Remov-
3.5 fruiting body—fungus structure consisting of special-
ing Microbial (Fungal or Algal) Growth on Paint and
ized hyphae where sexual reproduction occurs.
Related Coatings
3.6 Amorphous growth typical of an alga such as Chloro-
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
coccum Sp. appears in Fig. 3 at a magnification of 393.
Pictorial Photographic Standards
Terrestrial algae can appear green to dark brown in color.
3. Terminology
4. Significance and Use
3.1 Types of Fungal and Algal Growth— Fungi are het-
4.1 The growth of fungi and algae in and on the surface of
erotrophs capable of reproducing both asexually and sexually.
paint films represents a major cause of discoloration or
Asexual reproduction takes place either by the fragmentation
disfigurement of painted surfaces. Because of their dark
of the mycelium or by the production of spores. Sexual
pigmentation, it is frequently difficult to distinguish fungi and
reproduction can occur by fusion of gametes, penetration of a
algae from soil or dirt particles. The use of magnification of as
gamete into a reproductive structure known as a gametangium,
much as 1003 affords easy distinguishability among fungal
or by fusion of gametangia. Some common definitions include:
spores, fungal mycelia, algae, and dirt and is recommended in
3.2 spore—an asexual reproductive cell capable of devel-
cases where such difficulty is apparent.
oping into a mature fungus without fusion with another cell.
4.2 Dirt accumulation observed on specimens can occur
more readily with coatings formulated at lower pigment
volume concentration or those containing softer resins.
1 3
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint and 4.3 Use of Photographic Standards:
Related Coatings and Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.3.1 The photographic reference standards that are part of
D01.28 on Biodeterioration.
this test method are for illustration purposes and should be used
Current edition approved April 15, 1995. Published June 1995. Originally
e1
for visual comparisons.
published as D 3274 – 73 T. Last previous edition D 3274 – 82 (1988) .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
4.3.2 The photographic standards illustrated in Fig. 4 rate
Available from ASTM Headquarters (order Adjunct ADJD3274). Copies of the
the disfigurement of paint films from 0 to 8. A rating of 10
pictorial photographic standards are contained in the publication Pictorial Standards
would indicate a film totally absent of disfigurement by
of Coating Defects, which may be obtained from the Federation of Societies of
Coating Technology, 492 Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 1942
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