ASTM C618-12

Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete

ABSTRACT
This specification covers coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete where cementitious or pozzolanic action, or both, is desired, or where other properties normally attributed to fly ash or pozzolans may be desired, or where both objectives are to be achieved. Fly ash and natural pozzolans shall conform to the prescribed chemical composition requirements and physical requirements. The materials shall be tested for fineness, strength activity index, water requirement, soundness, and autoclave expansion or contraction.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete where cementitious or pozzolanic action, or both, is desired, or where other properties normally attributed to fly ash or pozzolans may be desired, or where both objectives are to be achieved.
Note 1—Finely divided materials may tend to reduce the entrained air content of concrete. Hence, if a fly ash or natural pozzolan is added to any concrete for which entrainment of air is specified, provision should be made to ensure that the specified air content is maintained by air content tests and by use of additional air-entraining admixture or use of an air-entraining admixture in combination with air-entraining hydraulic cement.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements    Class NFC Silicon dioxide (SiO2) plus aluminum oxide (Al2O3) plus iron oxide (Fe2O3),
min, %70.070.050.0 Sulfur trioxide (SO3), max, %4.05.05.0 Moisture content, max, %3.03.03.0 Loss on ignition, max, %10.06.0A6.0
A The use of Class F pozzolan containing up to 12.0 % loss on ignition may be approved by the user if either acceptable performance records or laboratory test results are made available.
TABLE 2 Physical Requirements    Class NFC Fineness:  Amount retained when wet-sieved on 45 μm (No. 325) sieve, max, %343434 Strength activity index: A  With portland cement, at 7 days, min, percent of
control75B75B75B  With portland cement, at 28 days, min, percent of
control75B75B75B Water requirement, max, percent of control115105105 Soundness: C Autoclave expansion or contraction, max, %0.80.80.8 Uniformity requirements:  The density and fineness of individual samples
shall not vary from the average established by the
ten preceding tests, or by all preceding tests if the
number is less than ten, by more than:  Density, max variation from average, %555  Percent retained on 45-μm (No. 325), max variation,
percentage points from average555
A The strength activity index with portland cement is not to be considered a measure of the compressive strength of concrete containing the fly ash or natural pozzolan. The mass of fly ash or natural pozzolan specified for the test to determine the strength activity index with portland cement is not considered to be the proportion recommended for the concrete to be used in the work. The optimum amount of fly ash or natural pozzolan for any specific project is determined by the required properties of the concrete and other constituents of the concrete and is to be established by testing. Strength activity index with portland cement is a measure of reactivity with a given cement and is subject to variation depending on the source of both the fly ash or natural pozzolan and the cement.
B Meeting the 7 day or 28 day strength activity index will indicate specification compliance.
C If the fly ash or natural pozzolan will constitute more than 20 % by mass of the cementitious material in the project mixture, the test specimens for autoclave expansion shall contain that anticipated percentage. Excessive a...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2012
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.24 - Supplementary Cementitious Materials

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C618-12a - Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C618 −12
Standard Specification for
Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use
1
in Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.1.2 fly ash—thefinelydividedresiduethatresultsfromthe
combustion of ground or powdered coal and that is transported
1.1 This specification covers coal fly ash and raw or
by flue gasses.
calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete where cementi-
tious or pozzolanic action, or both, is desired, or where other
NOTE 2—This definition of fly ash does not include, among other
things, the residue resulting from: (1) the burning of municipal garbage or
properties normally attributed to fly ash or pozzolans may be
any other refuse with coal; (2) the injection of lime directly into the boiler
desired, or where both objectives are to be achieved.
for sulfur removal; or (3) the burning of industrial or municipal garbage
NOTE 1—Finely divided materials may tend to reduce the entrained air in incinerators commonly known as “incinerator ash.”
content of concrete. Hence, if a fly ash or natural pozzolan is added to any
concrete for which entrainment of air is specified, provision should be
4. Classification
made to ensure that the specified air content is maintained by air content
tests and by use of additional air-entraining admixture or use of an 4.1 Class N—Raw or calcined natural pozzolans that com-
air-entraining admixture in combination with air-entraining hydraulic
ply with the applicable requirements for the class as given
cement.
herein, such as some diatomaceous earths; opaline cherts and
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
shales; tuffs and volcanic ashes or pumicites, calcined or
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
uncalcined; and various materials requiring calcination to
standard.
induce satisfactory properties, such as some clays and shales.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes,
4.2 Class F—Fly ash that meets the applicable requirements
which provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-
for this class as given herein. This class of fly ash has
notes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
pozzolanic properties.
considered as requirements of the standard.
4.3 Class C—Fly ash that meets the applicable requirements
for this class as given herein. This class of fly ash, in addition
2. Referenced Documents
to having pozzolanic properties, also has some cementitious
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
properties.
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
gregates NOTE 3—Class F fly ash is typically produced from burning anthracite
or bituminous coal, but may also be produced from subbituminous coal
C311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or
andfromlignite.ClassCflyashistypicallyproducedfromburninglignite
Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
or subbituminous coal, and may also be produced from anthracite or
bituminous coal. Class C fly ashes typically have total calcium contents,
3. Terminology
expressed as calcium oxide (CaO), that are higher than Class F fly ashes.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 The terms used in this specification are defined in
5. Ordering Information
Terminology C125.
5.1 The purchaser shall specify any supplementary optional
physical requirements.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
5.2 The purchaser shall indicate which procedure, A or B,
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.24 on Supplementary Cementitious Materials.
shall be used when specifying requirements for effectiveness in
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published March 2012. Originally
contribution to sulfate resistance under Table 3.
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C618–08a. DOI:
10.1520/C0618–12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6. Chemical Composition
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Fly ash and natural pozzolans shall conform to the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C618–08a Designation: C618 – 12
Standard Specification for
Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use
1
in Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete where cementitious or
pozzolanicaction,orboth,isdesired,orwhereotherpropertiesnormallyattributedtoflyashorpozzolansmaybedesired,orwhere
both objectives are to be achieved.
NOTE 1—Finely divided materials may tend to reduce the entrained air content of concrete. Hence, if a fly ash or natural pozzolan is added to any
concrete for which entrainment of air is specified, provision should be made to ensure that the specified air content is maintained by air content tests and
by use of additional air-entraining admixture or use of an air-entraining admixture in combination with air-entraining hydraulic cement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 The terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology C125.
3.1.2 fly ash—the finely divided residue that results from the combustion of ground or powdered coal and that is transported
by flue gasses.
NOTE 2—This definition of fly ash does not include, among other things, the residue resulting from: (1) the burning of municipal garbage or any other
refuse with coal; (2) the injection of lime directly into the boiler for sulfur removal; or (3) the burning of industrial or municipal garbage in incinerators
commonly known as “incinerator ash.”
4. Classification
4.1 Class N—Raworcalcinednaturalpozzolansthatcomplywiththeapplicablerequirementsfortheclassasgivenherein,such
as some diatomaceous earths; opaline cherts and shales; tuffs and volcanic ashes or pumicites, calcined or uncalcined; and various
materials requiring calcination to induce satisfactory properties, such as some clays and shales.
4.2 Class F—Fly ash that meets the applicable requirements for this class as given herein. This class of fly ash has pozzolanic
properties.
4.3 Class C—Fly ash that meets the applicable requirements for this class as given herein. This class of fly ash, in addition to
having pozzolanic properties, also has some cementitious properties.
NOTE 3—Class F fly ash is typically produced from burning anthracite or bituminous coal, but may also be produced from subbituminous coal and
from lignite. Class C fly ash is typically produced from burning lignite or subbituminous coal, and may also be produced from anthracite or bituminous
coal. Class C fly ashes contain typically have total calcium contents, expressed as calcium oxide (CaO), that are higher than 10%. Class F fly ashes.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.24 on
Supplementary Cementitious Materials.
Current edition approved Oct.Feb. 1, 2008.2012. Published October 2008.March 2012. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C618–08a.
DOI: 10.1520/C0618–08A.10.1520/C0618–12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C618 – 12
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Class
NF C
Silicon dioxide (SiO ) plus al
...