ASTM C911-99

Standard Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for Chemical Uses

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lime and limestone products suitable for chemical uses as shown in . The type designations signify the following:Limestone, high-calcium-CLLimestone, dolomitic-DLLimestone, magnesian-MLQuicklime, high-calcium-CQQuicklime, dolomitic-DQQuicklime, magnesian-MQHydrated lime, high-calcium-CHHydrated lime, dolomitic-DHHydrated lime, magnesian-MHHydrated lime, by-product-BH
Note 1—Lime is used in environmental systems when the control of factors influencing the environment such as gases, liquids and solids is required.
1.2 The buyer shall designate the use, as listed in Table 1, and may specify one or more of the type designations in 1.1.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-1999
• Technical Committee: C07 - Lime and Limestone
• Drafting Committee: C07.02 - Specifications and Guidelines

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C911-99e1 - Standard Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for Chemical Uses
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D5050-08(2023) - Standard Guide for Commercial Use of Lime Kiln Dusts and Portland Cement Kiln Dusts
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C25-19 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1999
• Referred By: ASTM E1266-20 - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 911 – 99
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for Chemical
Uses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 911; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. General Requirements
1.1 This specification covers lime and limestone products 4.1 Quicklime shall be reasonably free of unslakable resi-
suitable for chemical uses as shown in Table 1. The type dues and shall be capable of disintegrating in water to form a
designations signify the following: suspension of finely divided material. Rapidity of slaking is
generally a desirable quality.
Limestone, high-calcium—CL
Limestone, dolomitic—DL
4.2 The amount of residue shall not exceed that stated in the
Limestone, magnesian—ML
physical requirements of Table 1 or as agreed upon between the
Quicklime, high-calcium—CQ
manufacturer and the purchaser (the residue is the amount of
Quicklime, dolomitic—DQ
Quicklime, magnesian—MQ
material retained on the screen).
Hydrated lime, high-calcium—CH
Hydrated lime, dolomitic—DH
5. Sampling and Inspection
Hydrated lime, magnesian—MH
Hydrated lime, by-product—BH
5.1 Conduct the sampling, inspection, rejection, retesting,
packing, and marking in accordance with Methods C 50.
NOTE 1—Lime is used in environmental systems when the control of
factors influencing the environment such as gases, liquids and solids is
NOTE 2—Rags are cooked for the manufacture of paper in a digester
required.
under steam pressure with lime or with lime and soda ash. They are then
1.2 The buyer shall designate the use, as listed in Table 1, washed to eliminate as much of the noncellulose material as possible. A
standard composition without rejection limits is specified for the reason
and may specify one or more of the type designations in 1.1.
that lime of either higher or lower total oxides, available lime, calcium
oxide, or calcium hydroxide than the standard, may safely be used under
2. Referenced Documents
suitable conditions for the purpose herein specified, depending primarily
2.1 ASTM Standards:
upon economic considerations. In the present state of the art, it is believed
C 25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
that the more serviceable type of specification for the product herein
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
specified is that which defines a reasonable standard rather than one that
C 50 Methods of Sampling, Inspection, Packing, and Mark- fixes actual rejection limits. It is generally recognized that, other things
being equal, lime meeting this standard is preferable to lime that does not,
ing of Lime and Limestone Products
and lime surpassing the standard should be considered of premium quality.
C 51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as
NOTE 3—Lime is used in the “milk of lime” or “tank” system of sulfite
Used by the Industry)
pulp manufacture for making the cooking liquor. The milk of lime is held
C 110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
in solution or suspension in a series of tanks equipped with suitable
Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
agitators. The sulfur dioxide (SO ) is forced or drawn through these tanks
C 400 Test Method for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for
successively. In some cases, the tanks are built on top of each other in the
form of a tower. The contents of the first tank are drawn off when the
Neutralization of Waste Acid
liquor has reached a certain strength (3.5 to 6 % total SO ) and the
3. Chemical Composition and Physical Properties contents of the second and third tanks progress to the first and second
tanks respectively. The third tank is again charged with fresh milk of lime.
3.1 The requirements for quicklime, hydrated lime, and
There are other systems of absorption that provide for continuous instead
limestone for the designated end uses are as shown in Table 1,
of intermittent operation. The function of the lime is to furnish the base for
and are on the basis of the weight of sample taken at the place
the formation of the bisulfites of calcium and magnesium.
of manufacture, except as noted in footnote B after the
NOTE 4—In the manufacture of silica brick, silica in the form of
requirement. In this case, the requirement is on a moisture and massive quartzite or quartz conglomerate is ground until the particles are
less than ⁄4 in. (6 mm) in size. Lime in the form of either slaked or
carbon dioxide-free basis.
hydrated lime is then added in quantities varying from 1.5 to 3.0 %
calcium oxide (CaO), with sufficient water to produce about 5 to 7 %
moisture content, and the shapes are molded and dried. They are then
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-7 on Lime
burned in downdraft or tunnel kilns until most of the quartzite has been
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.03 on Industrial Uses.
converted into tridymite or cristobalite.
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published July 1999. Originally
NOTE 5—In the softening of water for municipal and industrial sup-
published as C 911 – 79. Last previous edition C 911 – 96.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. plies, lime is used alone or with coagulant aids to produce a precipitate
C911
that assists in the clarification of water, removal of bacteria, and removal 56.08 1
Acid Value 3 3 5 grams of lime (1)
of hardness. Lime and soda ash may be used together for softening water.
98.08 Basicity Factor
The lime serves as a chemical reagent in water softening. The only useful
constituent of the lime is the calcium oxide content of the quicklime or
6. Test Methods
hydrated lime capable of reacting with the other chemicals in the water or
added to it. Inert material, besides reducing the value in proportion to its
6.1 The chemical analyses shall be made in accordance with
amount, also makes more sludge to be disposed of for a given amount of
Test Methods C 25.
chemical action and thus reduces the capacity of the equipment in which
6.2 The physical tests shall be made in accordance with Test
it is used.
NOTE 6—In addition to water softening, lime is also used for silica
Methods C 110.
removal from boiler feed-water, and for color removal and clarification of
water for municipal and industrial supplies, for most such applications,
7. Keywords
high-calcium lime is preferred. However, for silica removal from boiler
feedwater, dolomitic lime should be employed.
7.1 calcium oxide; calcium silicate; chemical uses; dolo-
NOTE 7—In manufacture of calcium hypochlorite bleach, lime hydrate
mitic hydrated lime; dolomitic lime; dolomitic limestone;
in water suspension is reacted with chlorine. Lime hydrate suitable for this
dolomitic quicklime; high calcium hydrated lime; high calcium
application should be rapidly reactive, low in sludge-forming impurities,
limestone; high calcium quicklime; hydrated lime; hypochlo-
and particularly low in iron oxide, that may catalyze bleach decomposi-
rite bleach; industrial uses; industrial waste; lime; limestone;
tion.
NOTE 8—When determining the quantity of liming material for the
lime by-product; magnesian hydrated lime; magnesian lime-
neutralization of liquid acidic wastes, use is made of an acid value–ba-
stone; magnesian quicklime; quicklime; silica brick; sulfite
sicity factor relationship. Acid value and basicity factor test methods are
pulp
in the Appendix. Calculate the acid value–basicity factor relationship as
follows:
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. TEST METHOD FOR FREE CALCIUM OXIDE IN HIGH-CALCIUM HYDRATED LIME
when weighing, drying, or steaming.
X1.1 Scope
X1.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the
X1.4.3 Place the flask in the drying oven that has been
amount of free calcium oxide (CaO) in high-calcium hydrated
previously heated to 120°C, and maintain at this temperature
lime capable of being hydrated by steam at atmospheric
for 30 min. Remove, stopper, cool in a desiccator, and weigh.
pressure.
NOTE X1.3—Oven atmosphere can be kept CO free by placing therein
a container of soda lime, quicklime, or other suitable CO -absorbing
X1.2 Summary of Test Method
medium.
X1.2.1 This test method is based on the principle of gain in
weight of CaO when it is hydrated to form calcium hydroxide X1.4.4 Place the flask and the
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