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ASTM D4141/D4141M-22

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings

Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As with any accelerated test, the increase in rate of weathering compared to in-service exposure is material dependent. Therefore, no single acceleration factor can be used to relate two different types of outdoor weathering exposures. The weather resistance rankings of coatings provided by these two procedures may not agree when coatings differing in composition are compared. These two procedures should not be used interchangeably.  
5.2 The procedures described in this practice are designed to provide greater degradation rates of coatings than those provided by fixed-angle, open-rack, outdoor exposure racks. For many products, fixed angle exposures will produce higher degradation rates than the normal end use of the material.  
5.2.1 The use of Procedure A (Black Box) instead of an open-rack direct exposure is a more realistic test for materials with higher temperature end use service conditions. For many coatings, this procedure provides greater rates of degradation than those provided by 5°, equator-facing, open-rack exposures because the black box produces higher specimen temperatures during irradiation by daylight and longer time of specimen wetness. The black box specimen temperatures are comparable to those encountered on the hoods, roofs, and deck lids of automobiles parked in sunlight. The relative rates of gloss loss and color change produced in some automotive coatings by exposures in accordance with Procedure A are given in ASTM STP 781.4  
5.2.2 The acceleration of degradation by weathering as described in Procedure C is produced by reflecting sunlight from ten mirrors onto an air-cooled specimen area. Approximately 1400 MJ/m2 of ultraviolet radiant exposure (295 to 385 nm) is received over a typical one-year period when samples are exposed on these devices in a central Arizona climate. This compares with approximately 333 MJ/m2 of ultraviolet radiant exposure from a central Arizona at-latitude exposure and 280 MJ/m2 of ultraviolet radiant expos...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers two accelerated outdoor exposure procedures for evaluating the exterior weather resistance of coatings applied to substrates.  
1.2 The two procedures are as follows:  
1.2.1 Procedure A—Black Box Exposure.  
1.2.2 Procedure C—Fresnel Reflector Rack Exposure.
Note 1: Procedure B described a Heated Black Box procedure that is no longer in common use and has been removed as of the 2014 revision of this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not cover all the procedures that are available to the user for accelerating the outdoor exposure of coatings. Other procedures have been used in order to provide a particular effect; however, the two procedures described here are widely used.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Dec-2021
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.27 - Accelerated Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D4141/D4141M-22 - Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of CoatingsASTM D4141/D4141M-22 - Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4141/D4141M − 22
Standard Practice for
Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures
1
of Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4141/D4141M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers two accelerated outdoor exposure 2.1 ASTM Standards:
procedures for evaluating the exterior weather resistance of
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
coatings applied to substrates. D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
Exterior Paints
1.2 The two procedures are as follows:
D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
1.2.1 Procedure A—Black Box Exposure.
Exterior Paints
1.2.2 Procedure C—Fresnel Reflector Rack Exposure.
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
Exterior Paints
NOTE 1—Procedure B described a Heated Black Box procedure that is
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
no longer in common use and has been removed as of the 2014 revision
of this standard. Paints
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
1.3 This standard does not cover all the procedures that are
ing) of Exterior Paints
available to the user for accelerating the outdoor exposure of
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
coatings. Other procedures have been used in order to provide
of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
a particular effect; however, the two procedures described here
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
are widely used.
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units Coordinates
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in D4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
of Exterior Paint Films
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
used independently of the other, and values from the two Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
systems shall not be combined.
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E772 Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
G7 Practice for Natural Weathering of Materials
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
G90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weather-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ing of Materials Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificial Weath-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of Nonmetallic Materials
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
G169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to
Weathering Tests
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2022. Published January 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4141/D4141M – 14. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4141_D4141M-22. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4141/D4141M − 22
3. Terminology and color change produced in some automotive coatings by
exposures in accordance with ProcedureAa
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4141/D4141M − 14 D4141/D4141M − 22
Standard Practice for
Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures
1
of Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4141/D4141M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers two accelerated outdoor exposure procedures for evaluating the exterior weather resistance of coatings
applied to substrates.
1.2 The two procedures are as follows:
1.2.1 Procedure A—Black Box Exposure.
1.2.2 Procedure C—Fresnel Reflector Rack Exposure.
NOTE 1—Procedure B described a Heated Black Box procedure that is no longer in common use.use and has been removed as of the 2014 revision of
this standard.
1.3 This standard does not cover all the procedures that are available to the user for accelerating the outdoor exposure of coatings.
Other procedures have been used in order to provide a particular effect; however, the two procedures described here are widely
used.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014Jan. 1, 2022. Published February 2014January 2022. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20072014 as
D4141 – 07.D4141/D4141M – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D4141/D4141M-14.10.1520/D4141_D4141M-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4141/D4141M − 22
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints
D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
D4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals
and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
E772 Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
G7 Practice for Natural Weathering of Materials
G90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Materials Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Wea
...

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