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ASTM D4317-16(2023)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Emulsion Adhesives

Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Emulsion Adhesives

ABSTRACT
This specification covers polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl acetate copolymer resin emulsion adhesives suitable for use on wood, wood-based substrates, or plastic laminates. This does not cover the group of polyvinyl-based adhesives suitable for bonding flexible films. Adhesives are classified on the basis of water resistance at three performance levels, namely wet-use (Type 1), intermediate use (Type 2), and dry-use (Type 3). Adhesives shall conform to test requirements as performed under the following exposure conditions and treatments: dry shear at specified temperatures; two-cycle boil; 48-hour soak; humidity exposure; freeze-thaw stability; and storage life. Materials shall also adhere to physical properties such as density, nonvolatile matter, and pH.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl acetate copolymer resin emulsion adhesives suitable for use on wood, wood-based substrates, or plastic laminates. It does not cover the group of polyvinyl-based adhesives which are suitable for bonding flexible films.  
1.2 The adhesives are classified at three performance levels in accordance with water-resistance as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. See Section 5 for a description of the expected exposure conditions for each class of adhesive. See Table X1.1 for a classification of typical end products that are manufactured using adhesives at the three performance levels covered by this specification.    
1.3 The following index is provided as a guide to the test methods portion of this specification:    
Section  
Tests for Physical Properties  
9  
Viscosity  
9.1.1  
Density  
9.1.2  
Nonvolatiles  
9.1.3  
pH  
9.1.4  
Tests for Adhesive Bond  
10  
Block Shear Strength, Compression  
10.2  
Plywood Shear Tests  
10.3  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesis are for information purposes only.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 9 and 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2023
ICS
83.180 - Adhesives
Technical Committee
D14 - Adhesives
Drafting Committee
D14.30 - Wood Adhesives
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E1953-20 - Standard Practice for Description of Thermal Analysis and Rheology Apparatus
Effective Date
15-Mar-2020
Refers
ASTM D906-20 - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Plywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020

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ASTM D4317-16(2023) - Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Emulsion AdhesivesASTM D4317-16(2023) - Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Emulsion Adhesives
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ASTM D4317-16(2023) - Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Emulsion Adhesives
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4317 − 16 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Specification for
1
Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Emulsion Adhesives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4317; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This specification is a replacement for Federal Specification MMM-A-180C, Class B, August 6,
1979, Adhesive, Vinyl Acetate Resin Emulsion, which superseded MMM-A-193C, October 26, 1967.
It has been expanded to include the more water-resistant polyvinyl acetate-based adhesives now on the
market, in addition to the less water-resistant ones formerly covered by the Federal Specification.
1. Scope concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,
1.1 This specification covers polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl
health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-
acetate copolymer resin emulsion adhesives suitable for use on
cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
wood, wood-based substrates, or plastic laminates. It does not
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
cover the group of polyvinyl-based adhesives which are
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
suitable for bonding flexible films.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 The adhesives are classified at three performance levels
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
in accordance with water-resistance as shown in Table 1 and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Table 2. See Section 5 for a description of the expected
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
exposure conditions for each class of adhesive. See Table X1.1
for a classification of typical end products that are manufac- 2. Referenced Documents
tured using adhesives at the three performance levels covered 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
by this specification.
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
1.3 The following index is provided as a guide to the test Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
methods portion of this specification: D906 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in
Plywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
Section
Tests for Physical Properties 9
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
Viscosity 9.1.1
D1084 Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
Density 9.1.2
D1490 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Urea-
Nonvolatiles 9.1.3
pH 9.1.4
Formaldehyde Resin Solutions
Tests for Adhesive Bond 10
D1875 Test Method for Density of Adhesives in Fluid Form
Block Shear Strength, Compression 10.2
D2556 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives
Plywood Shear Tests 10.3
Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties Using Ro-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
tational Viscometry
standard. The values given in parenthesis are for information
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test-
purposes only.
ing Machines
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
test method portion, Sections 9 and 10, of this specification:
Glass Electrode
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
E1953 Practice for Description of Thermal Analysis and
Rheology Apparatus
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood
2
Adhesives. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4317 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4317-16R23. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4317 − 16 (2023)
TABLE 1 Test Requirements
Test Requirement, Required Tests
Test Section Number
min, psi (kPa)
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
Block shear (compression) dry at 75 °F 10.2 2800 (19 306) X X X
(24 °C)
Plywood (tension):
dry at 75 °F (24 °C) 10.3.3.1 400 (2758) X X X
A
dry at 160 °F (71.1 °C) 10.3.3.2 or 10.3.3.3 250 (1724)
...

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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ABSTRACT
This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semistructural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having woodbased surfaces at the bondline. The adhesives can be classified according to resistance to deformation: Group A or structural, and Group B or semistructural. Also, the adhesives may be designated into three types, according to their recommended use based on their resistance to water and water vapor: Type 1 for interior and exterior use, Type 2 for weather-protected interior use, and Type 3 for interior use only. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of adhesives: shear strength, gap-filling ability, total deformation resistance, moisture and temperature limitation during fabrication, high-temperature resistance, low-temperature resistance, moisture resistance, aging, oxidation resistance, and mold resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semi-structural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having wood-based surfaces at the bondline. This specification does not cover other adhesives used in manufactured homes such as adhesives for carpet, floor tile, ceramic fixtures, plastic laminates, trim and millwork, and similar nonstructural applications.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of time-dependent properties of structural adhesives in wood-to-wood bonds when specimens are subjected to shearing stresses at various levels of static load, constant temperature, and relative humidity. Apparatus and procedures are provided for direct measurement of time-dependent shear deformation (creep) and time to failure of adhesive bonds under static load. Guidelines for selecting test conditions, methods for calculating creep rate, creep strain, creep modulus, and extrapolation of time to failure, are given along with methods of presenting these data.  
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This specification covers liquid optical adhesive for use in bonding glass to glass or other transparent adherends. The adhesive shall be in liquid form and free of solvent in order to avoid bubble formation in the adhesive layer. Each component shall be completely reactive. The adhesive may be heat-, catalyst-, or radiation-cured. Voltatility, color, viscosity, foreign particle content, refractive index, stability, light transmission, glass doublet preparation, environmental test, and bond strength tests shall be performed in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers liquid optical adhesive for use in bonding glass to glass or other transparent adherends.  
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ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile content or total solids of liquid phenol, resorcinol, and melamine adhesives with or without hardener added and containing high-boiling and low-boiling volatile organic solvents or water, or both. The equipments to be used in the test shall include a petri dish, circulating-air oven, desiccator, and analytical balance. In determining the nonvolatile content of the liquid adhesives without hardener, the procedure shall include oven-drying, cooling in a desiccator, and weighing of adhesive and quartz sand . The percent nonvolatile content shall be calculated based on the amount remaining. On the other hand, the procedure for the liquid adhesives with hardener shall include oven-drying, cooling in a desiccator, and weighing of mixed adhesives. Also, the percent nonvolatile content shall be calculated based on the amount remaining.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile content or total solids of liquid phenol, resorcinol, and melamine adhesives with or without hardener (Note 1) added and containing high-boiling and low-boiling volatile organic solvents or water, or both.  
Note 1: Some low molecular weight materials in the adhesive may be lost if hardener is not used. When a hardener is used, it must be mixed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see 5.2.  
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