ASTM D5704-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final Drive Axles
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final Drive Axles
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of automotive manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil, sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface. This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies.
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,7
5.2.2 STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service,8
5.2.3 SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants,9 and
5.2.4 U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test.2 It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are to be regarded as standard.
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.
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Designation: D5704 − 15
StandardTest Method for
Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of
Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final
1
Drive Axles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D235Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1
2 D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
test. It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and
andOpaqueLiquids(andCalculationofDynamicViscos-
deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual trans-
ity)
mission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to
D664Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
high-temperature oxidizing conditions.
by Potentiometric Titration
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
D893Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D6984Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine
and are not considered standard.
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst
Determine Conformance with Specifications
mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow
E527Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the
are to be regarded as standard.
Unified Numbering System (UNS)
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where
4
2.2 ANSI Standard:
thereisnodirectequivalentsuchastheunitsforscrewthreads,
ANSI/ISA-S7.3Quality Standard for Instrument Air
or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
5
2.3 Military Specification:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
MIL-L-2105DLubricating Oil, Gear, Multipurpose
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6
2.4 ASTM Adjuncts:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Engineering Drawings
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
3. Terminology
information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.
3.1 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 carbon, n—in manual transmissions and final drive
3
axles, a hard, dry, generally black or gray deposit that can be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
removed by solvents but not by wiping with a cloth.
B224Classification of Coppers
3.1.2 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, between
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
them. D6984
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids.
3.1.3 sludge, n—in manual transmissions and final drive
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originally
axles,adepositprincipallycomposedofthelubricatingoiland
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5704–14. DOI:
oxidation products that do not drain from parts but can be
10.1520/D5704-15.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, theASTM Test Monitoring Center
removed by wiping with a cloth.
(TMC) will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters.
Information Letters may be obtained from theASTMTest Monitoring Center, 6555
Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition
4
incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through 14–1.TheTMC is also the Joint standard ofANSI/ISA.Available from Instrument Society ofAmerica, 67
source of reference oils. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12277, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
3 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.
6
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Detailed drawings necessary for rig construction. Available from ASTM
the ASTM website. International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD5704A.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5704 − 14 D5704 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of
Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final
1
Drive Axles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test. It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and
deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to
high-temperature oxidizing conditions.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are
to be regarded as standard.
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or
where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B224 Classification of Coppers
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
D6984 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
4
2.2 ANSI Standard:
ANSI/ISA-S7.3 Quality Standard for Instrument Air
5
2.3 Military Specification:
MIL-L-2105D Lubricating Oil, Gear, Multipurpose
6
2.4 ASTM Adjuncts:
Engineering Drawings
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014April 1, 2015. Published May 2014April 2015. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
D5704 – 13a.D5704 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D5704-14.10.1520/D5704-15.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. Information
Letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions
in all Information Letters through 13–2.14–1. The TMC is also the source of reference oils.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Joint standard of ANSI/ISA. Available from Instrument Society of America, 67 Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12277, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
5
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.
6
Detailed drawings necessary for rig construction. Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD5704A.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5704 − 15
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 carbon, n—in manual transmissions and final drive axles, a hard, dry, generally black or gray
...
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