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ASTM D6987-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-10 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-10 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-10. This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics, including lead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinder liners.
1.2 This test method also provides the procedure for running an abbreviated length test, which is commonly referred to as the T-10A. The procedures for the T-10 and T-10A are identical with the exception of the items specifically listed in . Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in refer to the corresponding section of the T-10 procedure.
1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the test method, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses when combined with SI units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A7 for specific Safety Precautions.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2003
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0 - Automotive Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6987-04 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-10 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004

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ASTM D6987-03 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-10 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel EngineASTM D6987-03 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-10 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
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ASTM D6987-03 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-10 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
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Standards Content (Sample)

An American National Standard
Designation: D 6987 – 03
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-10 Exhaust Gas
1
Recirculation Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6987; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack
2
eral Bomb Method)
T-10. This test method covers an engine test procedure for
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from
evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics,
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
including lead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinder
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
liners.
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
1.2 This test method also provides the procedure for running
D 287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
an abbreviated length test, which is commonly referred to as
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
the T-10A. The procedures for the T-10 and T-10A are identical
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
with the exception of the items specifically listed in Annex A8.
and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A8
ity)
refer to the corresponding section of the T-10 procedure.
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
be regarded separately as the standard. Within the test method,
Petroleum Products
the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses when combined
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
with SI units.
D 664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
by Potentiometric Titration
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D 976 Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
late Fuels
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A7 for
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorbtion
specific Safety Precautions.
D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
2. Referenced Documents
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
3
D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Atmospheric Pressure
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Distillate
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Fuels by Centrifuge
Closed Cup Tester
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Variable Equation
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published February 2004.
2
D 4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by
The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this test
method by means of Information Letters. This edition includes all Information
Potentiometric Titration
Letters through 02-2. Information Letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test
D 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-
Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Admin-
ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-
istrator.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6987–03
D 5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine 3.1.10 oxidation, n—of engine oil, the reaction of the oil
Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a with an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, which can pro-
Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fue
...

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ASTM D6792-23c(Practice)
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4.1 A petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants testing laboratory plays a crucial role in product quality management and customer satisfaction. It is essential for a laboratory to provide quality data. This document provides guidance for establishing and maintaining a quality management system in a laboratory.  
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1.1 This practice covers the establishment and maintenance of the essentials of a quality management system in laboratories engaged in the analysis of petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants. It is designed to be used in conjunction with Practice D6299.
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5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
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1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.  
Note 1: These limits are imposed since the precision of this test method has been determined only up to or within the range of these bromine numbers.  
1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an identification of constituents; therefore, its application as a measure of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the study given in Annex A1.  
1.3 For petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures of bromine number less than 1.0, a more precise measure for bromine-reactive constituents can be obtained by using Test Method D2710. If the bromine number is less than 0.5, then Test Method D2710 or the comparable bromine index methods for industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, Test Methods D1492 or D5776 must be used in accordance with their respective scopes. The practice of using a factor of 1000 to convert bromine number to bromine index is not applicable for these lower values of bromine number.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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5.3 Procedures A, B, C, and D of this test method describe how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques that extrapolated experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures.
Note 1: Low temperature viscosity values obtained by either interpolation or extrapolation of oils may be subject to errors caused by gelation and other forms of non-Newtonian response to spindle speed and torque.  
5.4 Procedures A, B, C, and D; If viscosity measurements are difficult to stabilize or a noticeable decrease in viscosity is seen at a constant speed between an initial measurement made during the 5 s to 10 s after the spindle rotation commences and the stabilized measurement between 60 s and 180 s, then this most likely indicates time-dependent, structural breakdown in the fluid. Some formulated fluid types may form wax structures when soaked at or below a certain low temperature which varies among fluids. The rotating spindle ...
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1.4.1 The viscosity data used for the precision studies for Procedures A, B, and C covered a range from 300 mPa·s to 170 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –12 °C, –26 °C, and –40 °C. Appendix X5 includes precision data for –55 °C test temperature and includes samples with viscosities greater 500 000 mPa·s.  
1.4.2 The viscosity data used for Procedure D precision study was from 6400 mPa·s to 256 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –26 °C and –40 °C.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement ar...

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5.1 This test simulates a type of severe field service in which corrosion-promoting moisture in the form of condensed water vapor accumulates in the axle assembly. This may happen as a result of volume expansion and contraction of the axle lubricant and the accompanied breathing in of moisture-laden air through the axle vent. The test screens lubricants for their ability to prevent the expected corrosion.  
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4.1 This practice is intended to help users, particularly power plant operators, maintain effective control over their mineral lubricating oils and lubrication monitoring program. This practice may be used to perform oil changes based on oil condition and test results rather than on the basis of service time or calendar time. It is intended to save operating and maintenance expenses.  
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Note 1: Optimol Instruments supplies an upgrade kit to allow SRVI/II-machines to operate with 1600 N, if needed.  
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5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
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1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

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5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
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1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
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Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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