iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D7500-15

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oils—in Boiling Range from 100 °C to 735 °C by Gas Chromatography

Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oils—in Boiling Range from 100 °C to 735 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of medium and heavy petroleum distillate fractions provides an insight into the composition of feed stocks and products related to petroleum refining processes (for example, hydrocracking, hydrotreating, visbreaking, or deasphalting). The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 This test method extends the scope of boiling range determination by gas chromatography to include distillates (IBP > 100 °C) and heavy petroleum distillate fractions beyond the scope of Test Method D2887 (538 °C).  
5.3 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method have not been analyzed for correlation to those obtained by low efficiency distillation, such as with Test Method D86 or D1160. This test method does not claim agreement between these physical distillations and simulated distillation. Efforts to resolve this question will continue. When successful resolutions of the questions are determined, this test method will be revised accordingly.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products by capillary gas chromatography using flame ionization detection. This standard test method has been developed through the harmonization of two test methods, Test Method D6352 and IP 480. As both of these methods cover the same scope and include very similar operating conditions, it was agreed that a single standard method would benefit the global simulated distillation community.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable for the analysis of petroleum or petroleum products containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, diesel). Components containing hetero atoms (for example alcohols, ethers, acids, or esters) or residue are not to be analyzed by this test method. See Test Methods D7096, D2887, or D7213 for possible applicability to analysis of these types of materials. This method is also not suitable for samples that will not elute completely from the gas chromatographic column, leaving residues. For such samples as crude oils and residues, see Test Methods D5307 and D7169.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to distillates with initial boiling points above 100 ºC and final boiling points below 735 ºC (carbon 110); for example, distillates (IBP > 100 °C), base oils and lubricating base stocks.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2015
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0H - Chromatographic Distribution Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7500-14 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oils—in Boiling Range from 100 °C to 735 °C by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Replaced By
ASTM D7500-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oils—in Boiling Range from 100 °C to 735 °C by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D6074-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Referred By
ASTM D7807-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Hydrocarbon and Sulfur Components of Petroleum Distillates by Gas Chromatography and Chemiluminescence Detection
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Referred By
ASTM D7169-23 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Point Distribution of Samples with Residues Such as Crude Oils and Atmospheric and Vacuum Residues by High Temperature Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015

Buy Standard

ASTM D7500-15 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oils—in Boiling Range from 100 °C to 735 °C by Gas ChromatographyASTM D7500-15 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oils—in Boiling Range from 100 °C to 735 °C by Gas Chromatography
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D7500-15 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oils—in Boiling Range from 100 °C to 735 °C by Gas Chromatography
English language
19 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
REDLINE ASTM D7500-15 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oils—in Boiling Range from 100 °C to 735 °C by Gas ChromatographyREDLINE ASTM D7500-15 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oils—in Boiling Range from 100 °C to 735 °C by Gas Chromatography
PreviousNext
Standard
REDLINE ASTM D7500-15 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oils—in Boiling Range from 100 °C to 735 °C by Gas Chromatography
English language
19 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7500 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates
and Lubricating Base Oils—in Boiling Range from 100 °C to
1
735 °C by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling 2.1 ASTM Standards:
range distribution of petroleum products by capillary gas D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
chromatography using flame ionization detection. This stan- Atmospheric Pressure
dard test method has been developed through the harmoniza- D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
tion of two test methods, Test Method D6352 and IP 480. As Reduced Pressure
both of these methods cover the same scope and include very D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
similar operating conditions, it was agreed that a single troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
standard method would benefit the global simulated distillation D5307 Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range
community. Distribution of Crude Petroleum by Gas Chromatography
3
(Withdrawn 2011)
1.2 This test method is not applicable for the analysis of
D6352 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
petroleum or petroleum products containing low molecular
troleum Distillates in Boiling Range from 174 °C to 700
weight components (for example naphthas, reformates,
°C by Gas Chromatography
gasolines, diesel). Components containing hetero atoms (for
D7096 Test Method for Determination of the Boiling Range
example alcohols, ethers, acids, or esters) or residue are not to
Distribution of Gasoline by Wide-Bore Capillary Gas
be analyzed by this test method. See Test Methods D7096,
Chromatography
D2887,or D7213 for possible applicability to analysis of these
D7169 Test Method for Boiling Point Distribution of
types of materials.This method is also not suitable for samples
Samples with Residues Such as Crude Oils and Atmo-
that will not elute completely from the gas chromatographic
spheric and Vacuum Residues by High Temperature Gas
column, leaving residues. For such samples as crude oils and
Chromatography
residues, see Test Methods D5307 and D7169.
D7213 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
1.3 This test method is applicable to distillates with initial
troleum Distillates in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to
boiling points above 100 ºC and final boiling points below
615 °C by Gas Chromatography
735 ºC (carbon 110); for example, distillates (IBP > 100 °C),
E355 Practice for Gas ChromatographyTerms and Relation-
base oils and lubricating base stocks.
ships
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular
standard.
Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 2.2 ISO Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ISO 3170 Petroleum Liquids Manual Sampling
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of the ASTM website.
3
Subcommittee D02.04.0H on Chromatographic Distribution Methods. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approved www.astm.org.
4
in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7500 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/ Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
D7500-15. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7500 − 15
3. Terminology Sample vaporization is provided by separate heating of the
po
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7500 − 14 D7500 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates
and Lubricating Base Oils—in Boiling Range from 100 °C to
1
735 °C by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products by capillary gas
chromatography using flame ionization detection. This standard test method has been developed through the harmonization of two
test methods, Test Method D6352 and IP 480. As both of these methods cover the same scope and include very similar operating
conditions, it was agreed that a single standard method would benefit the global simulated distillation community.
1.2 This test method is not applicable for the analysis of petroleum or petroleum products containing low molecular weight
components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, diesel). Components containing hetero atoms (for example alcohols,
ethers, acids, or esters) or residue are not to be analyzed by this test method. See Test Methods D7096, D2887, or D7213 for
possible applicability to analysis of these types of materials. This method is also not suitable for samples that will not elute
completely from the gas chromatographic column, leaving residues. For such samples as crude oils and residues, see Test Methods
D5307 and D7169.
1.3 This test method is applicable to distillates with initial boiling points above 100 ºC and final boiling points below 735 ºC
(carbon 110); for example, distillates (IBP > 100 °C), base oils and lubricating base stocks.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D5307 Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Crude Petroleum by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn
3
2011)
D6352 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in Boiling Range from 174 °C to 700 °C by Gas
Chromatography
D7096 Test Method for Determination of the Boiling Range Distribution of Gasoline by Wide-Bore Capillary Gas
Chromatography
D7169 Test Method for Boiling Point Distribution of Samples with Residues Such as Crude Oils and Atmospheric and Vacuum
Residues by High Temperature Gas Chromatography
D7213 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas
Chromatography
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0H on Chromatographic Distribution Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014July 1, 2015. Published December 2014July 2015. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20122014 as
D7500 – 12.D7500 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D7500-14.10.1520/D7500-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7500 − 15
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
E1510 Practice for Installing Fuse
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D6792-23c(Practice)
Standard Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing Laboratories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants testing laboratory plays a crucial role in product quality management and customer satisfaction. It is essential for a laboratory to provide quality data. This document provides guidance for establishing and maintaining a quality management system in a laboratory.  
4.1.1 The word ‘customer’ can refer to both customers internal and external to the laboratory or organization.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the establishment and maintenance of the essentials of a quality management system in laboratories engaged in the analysis of petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants. It is designed to be used in conjunction with Practice D6299.
Note 1: This practice is based on the quality management concepts and principles advocated in ANSI/ISO/ASQ Q9000 standards, ISO/IEC 17025, ASQ Manual,2 and ASTM standards such as D3244, D4182, D4621, D6299, D6300, D7372, E29, E177, E456, E548, E882, E994, E1301, E1323, STP 15D,3 and STP 1209.4  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1159-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
5.2 The bromine number of commercial aliphatic monoolefins provides supporting evidence of their purity and identity.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method3 covers the determination of the bromine number of the following materials:  
1.1.1 Petroleum distillates that are substantially free of material lighter than isobutane and that have 90 % distillation points (by Test Method D86) under 327 °C (626 °F). This test method is generally applicable to gasoline (including leaded, unleaded, and oxygenated fuels), kerosine, and distillates in the gas oil range that fall in the following limits:    
90 % Distillation Point, °C (°F)  
Bromine Number, max3    
Under 205 (400)  
175    
205 to 327 (400 to 626)  
10  
1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.  
Note 1: These limits are imposed since the precision of this test method has been determined only up to or within the range of these bromine numbers.  
1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an identification of constituents; therefore, its application as a measure of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the study given in Annex A1.  
1.3 For petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures of bromine number less than 1.0, a more precise measure for bromine-reactive constituents can be obtained by using Test Method D2710. If the bromine number is less than 0.5, then Test Method D2710 or the comparable bromine index methods for industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, Test Methods D1492 or D5776 must be used in accordance with their respective scopes. The practice of using a factor of 1000 to convert bromine number to bromine index is not applicable for these lower values of bromine number.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 9.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2983-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants using a Rotational Viscometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
5.2 Initially this test method was developed to determine whether an automatic transmission fluid (ATF) would meet OEM low temperature performance criterion originally defined using a particular model viscometer.6, 7 The viscosity range covered in the original ATF performance correlation studies was from less than 1000 mPa·s to more than 60 000 mPa·s. The success of the ATF correlation and the development of this test method has over time been applied to other fluids and lubricants such as gear oils, hydraulic fluids, and so forth.  
5.3 Procedures A, B, C, and D of this test method describe how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques that extrapolated experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures.
Note 1: Low temperature viscosity values obtained by either interpolation or extrapolation of oils may be subject to errors caused by gelation and other forms of non-Newtonian response to spindle speed and torque.  
5.4 Procedures A, B, C, and D; If viscosity measurements are difficult to stabilize or a noticeable decrease in viscosity is seen at a constant speed between an initial measurement made during the 5 s to 10 s after the spindle rotation commences and the stabilized measurement between 60 s and 180 s, then this most likely indicates time-dependent, structural breakdown in the fluid. Some formulated fluid types may form wax structures when soaked at or below a certain low temperature which varies among fluids. The rotating spindle ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of rotational viscometers with an appropriate torque range and specific spindle for the determination of the low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, hydraulic fluids, and some lubricants. This test method covers the viscosity range of 300 mPa·s to 900 000 mPa·s  
1.2 This test method was previously titled “Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer.” In the lubricant industry, D2983 test results have often been referred to as “Brookfield2 Viscosity” which implies a viscosity determined by this method.  
1.3 This test method contains four procedures: Procedure A is used when only an air bath is used to cool samples in preparation for viscosity measurement. Procedure B is used when a mechanically refrigerated programmable liquid bath is used to cool samples in preparation for viscosity measurement. Procedure C is used when a mechanically refrigerated constant temperature liquid bath is used to cool samples by means of a simulated air cell (SimAir)3 Cell in preparation for viscosity measurement. Procedure D automates the determination of low temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity by utilizing a thermoelectrically heated and cooled temperature-controlled sample chamber along with a programmable rotational viscometer.  
1.4 There are multiple precision studies for this test method.  
1.4.1 The viscosity data used for the precision studies for Procedures A, B, and C covered a range from 300 mPa·s to 170 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –12 °C, –26 °C, and –40 °C. Appendix X5 includes precision data for –55 °C test temperature and includes samples with viscosities greater 500 000 mPa·s.  
1.4.2 The viscosity data used for Procedure D precision study was from 6400 mPa·s to 256 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –26 °C and –40 °C.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement ar...

  • Standard
    25 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    25 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7038-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Moisture Corrosion Resistance of Automotive Gear Lubricants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test simulates a type of severe field service in which corrosion-promoting moisture in the form of condensed water vapor accumulates in the axle assembly. This may happen as a result of volume expansion and contraction of the axle lubricant and the accompanied breathing in of moisture-laden air through the axle vent. The test screens lubricants for their ability to prevent the expected corrosion.  
5.2 The L-33-1 test procedure is used or referred to in the following documents: ASTM Publication STP-512A,6 SAE J308, SAE J2360, and U.S. Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the rust and corrosion inhibiting properties of a gear lubricant while subjected to water contamination and elevated temperature in a bench-mounted hypoid differential housing assembly.2 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-33-1 test.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—(1) where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads and national pipe threads/diameters, and (2) the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard for the definitions in 12.2, and for SI units where there are no direct inch-pounds equivalent units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    26 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    26 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6224-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Lubricating Oil for Auxiliary Power Plant Equipment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended to help users, particularly power plant operators, maintain effective control over their mineral lubricating oils and lubrication monitoring program. This practice may be used to perform oil changes based on oil condition and test results rather than on the basis of service time or calendar time. It is intended to save operating and maintenance expenses.  
4.2 This practice is also intended to help users monitor the condition of mineral lubricating oils and guard against excessive component wear, oil degradation, or contamination, thereby minimizing the potential of catastrophic machine problems that are more likely to occur in the absence of such an oil condition monitoring program.  
4.3 This practice does not necessarily reference all of the current oil testing technologies and is not meant to preclude the use of alternative instrumentation or test methods that provide meaningful or trendable test data, or both. Some oil testing devices and sensors (typically used for screening oils that will be tested according to standard methods) provide trendable indicators that correlate to water, particulates, and other contaminants but do not directly measure these.  
4.4 This practice is intended for mineral oil products, and not for synthetic type of products, with the exception of phosphate esters fluids typically used in power plant control systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the effective monitoring of mineral oil and phosphate ester fluid lubricating oils in service auxiliary (non-turbine) equipment used for power generation. Auxiliary equipment covered includes gears, hydraulic systems, diesel engines, pumps, compressors, and electrohydraulic control (EHC) systems. It includes sampling and testing schedules and recommended action steps, as well as information on how oils degrade.
Note 1: Other types of synthetic lubricants are sometimes used but are not addressed in this practice because they represent only a small fraction of the fluids in use. Users of these fluids should consult the manufacturer to determine recommended monitoring practices.  
1.2 This practice does not cover the monitoring of lubricating oil for steam and gas turbines. Rather, it is intended to complement Practice D4378.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    20 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    20 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5707-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Lubricating Grease Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to determine wear properties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases at selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present for extended periods of time under initial high Hertzian point contact pressures. This test method has found application in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricating greases used in roller bearings. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining a lubricating grease's coefficient of friction and its ability to protect against wear when subjected to high-frequency, linear-oscillation motion using an SRV test machine at a test load of 200 N, frequency of 50 Hz, stroke amplitude of 1.00 mm, duration of 2 h, and temperature within the range of the test machine, specifically, ambient to 280 °C. Other test loads (10 N to 1200 N for SRVI-model, 10 N to 1400 N for SRVII-model, and 10 N to 2000 N for SRVIII-model), frequencies (5 Hz to 500 Hz) and stroke amplitudes (0.1 mm up to 4.0 mm) can be used, if specified. The precision of this test method is based on the stated parameters and test temperatures of 50 °C and 80 °C. Average wear scar dimensions on ball and coefficient of friction are determined and reported.
Note 1: Optimol Instruments supplies an upgrade kit to allow SRVI/II-machines to operate with 1600 N, if needed.  
1.2 This test method can also be used for determining a fluid lubricant's ability to protect against wear and its coefficient of friction under similar test conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2412-23a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

  • Standard
    24 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    24 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off