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ASTM D7001-06

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Geocomposites for Pavement Edge Drains and Other High-Flow Applications

Standard Specification for Geocomposites for Pavement Edge Drains and Other High-Flow Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers geocomposite drainage panels used in highway, turf, and other high volume subsurface drainage applications. These products consist of a geotextile wrapped around a polymer core. These products are a minimum of 25 mm (1 in.) thick and are available in 150 mm (6 in.), 300 mm (12 in.), 450 mm (18 in.), and 600 mm (24 in.) widths.
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide a subsurface drainage geocomposite suitable for drainage of surface and subsurface water, sewerage, and leachates. Products produced in accordance with this specification and intended for pavement drainage applications shall be installed in accordance with Practice D 6088.
1.3 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2005
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.03 - Permeability and Filtration
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7001-05 - Standard Specification for Geocomposites for Pavement Edge Drains and Other High-Flow Applications
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D7001-06(2011) - Standard Specification for Geocomposites for Pavement Edge Drains and Other High-Flow Applications
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6364-06(2018) - Standard Test Method for Determining Short-Term Compression Behavior of Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7931/D7931M-21a - Standard Guide for Specifying Drainage Geocomposites
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6088-06(2022) - Standard Practice for Installation of Geocomposite Pavement Drains
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6707/D6707M-06(2019) - Standard Specification for Circular-Knit Geotextile for Use in Subsurface Drainage Applications
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6244-06(2018) - Standard Test Method for Vertical Compression of Geocomposite Pavement Panel Drains
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006

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ASTM D7001-06 - Standard Specification for Geocomposites for Pavement Edge Drains and Other High-Flow ApplicationsASTM D7001-06 - Standard Specification for Geocomposites for Pavement Edge Drains and Other High-Flow Applications
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ASTM D7001-06 - Standard Specification for Geocomposites for Pavement Edge Drains and Other High-Flow Applications
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7001 – 06
Standard Specification for
Geocomposites for Pavement Edge Drains and Other High-
1
Flow Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4355 Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by
ExposuretoLight,MoistureandHeatinaXenonArcType
1.1 This specification covers geocomposite drainage panels
Apparatus
used in highway, turf, and other high volume subsurface
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
drainage applications. These products consist of a geotextile
D4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles
wrapped around a polymer core. These products are a mini-
by Permittivity
mum of 25 mm (1 in.) thick and are available in 150 mm (6
D4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of
in.), 300 mm (12 in.), 450 mm (18 in.), and 600 mm (24 in.)
Geotextiles
widths.
D4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elonga-
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to
tion of Geotextiles
provide a subsurface drainage geocomposite suitable for drain-
D4716 Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow
age of surface and subsurface water, sewerage, and leachates.
Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a
Products produced in accordance with this specification and
Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
intended for pavement drainage applications shall be installed
D4751 Test Method for Determining Apparent Opening
in accordance with Practice D6088.
Size of a Geotextile
1.3 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Geomembranes and Related Products
only.
D6088 Practice for Installation of Geocomposite Pavement
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Drains
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D6244 Test Method for Vertical Compression of Geocom-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
posite Pavement Panel Drains
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D6364 Test Method for Determining Short-Term Compres-
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
sion Behavior of Geosynthetics
2. Referenced Documents
D6707 Specification for Circular-Knit Geotextile for Use in
2
Subsurface Drainage Applications
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2.2 Other Document:
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
3
AASHTO M288 Geotextile Materials
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
3. Terminology
D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to geotex-
Fittings Materials
tiles, refer to Terminology D4439.
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
3.1.1 geocomposite, n—a product composed of two or more
materials, at least one of which is a geosynthetic. D4439
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on 3.1.2 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-
polymeric material used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or
ability and Filtration.
any other geotechnical engineering related material as an
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2006. Published February 2006. Originally
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D7001 – 05. DOI: integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.
10.1520/D7001-06.
D4439
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
the ASTM website. Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7001 – 06
TABLE 2 Geotextile Properties
4. Classification
Minimum Value Minimum Value
4.1 General—This specification covers geocomposite
Property Test Method Class A Class B
drainage products or structures intended for high flow volume
Geocomposite Geocomposite
subsurfacedrainageapplications.Twodistinctlydifferentprod-
Grab Strength Test Method D4632 700 N 500 N
uct designs are included in this specification, a ClassAproduct
Elongation Test Method D4632 >50 % >50 %
Seam Strength Test Me
...

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5.6 The apparatus used in this test method is commonly used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of soil specimens. However, flux values measured in this test are typically much lower than those commonly measured for most natural soils. It is essential that the leakage rate of the apparatus used in this test be less than 10 % of the flux.
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1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to GCL products having geotextile backing(s). It is not applicable to GCL products with geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s), or polymer coating backing(s).  
1.3 This test method provides a measurement of flux under a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for manufacturing quality control. The test method can also be used to check conformance. The flux value determined using this test method is not considered to be representative of the in-service flux of GCLs.  
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5.1 The increased use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid or gas movement, and the common use of dual-track seams in joining these sheets, has created a need for a standard nondestructive test by which the quality of the seams can be assessed for continuity and watertightness. The test is not intended to provide any indication of the physical strength of the seam.  
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ASTM D7006-23(Practice)
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5.1 This practice covers test arrangements, measurement techniques, sampling methods, and calculations to be used for nondestructive evaluation of geomembranes using ultrasonic testing.  
5.2 Wave velocity may be established for particular geomembranes (for specific polymer type, specific formulation, specific density). Relationships may be established between velocity and both density and tensile properties of geomembranes. An example of the use of ultrasound for determining density of polyethylene is presented in Test Method D4883. Velocity measurements may be used to determine thickness of geomembranes (1, 2).4 Travel time and amplitude of transmitted waves may be used to assess the condition of geomembranes and to identify defects in geomembranes including surface defects (for example, scratches, cuts), inner defects (for example, discontinuities within geomembranes), and defects that penetrate the entire thickness of geomembranes (for example, pinholes) (3, 4). Bonding between geomembrane sheets can be evaluated using travel time, velocity, or impedance measurements for seam assessment (5-10). Examples of the use of ultrasonic testing for determining the integrity of field and factory seams through travel time and velocity measurements (resulting in thickness measurements) are presented in Practices D4437 and D4545, respectively. An ultrasonic testing device is routinely used for evaluating seams in prefabricated bituminous geomembranes in the field (11). Integrity of geomembranes may be monitored in time using ultrasonic measurements.
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1.1 This practice provides a summary of equipment and procedures for ultrasonic testing of geomembranes using the pulse echo method.  
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1.3 Measurements of one or more ultrasonic wave transmission characteristics are made based on the requirements of the specific testing program.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems

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5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of specific on-site soils and geotextiles at the design stage of a project, or to provide qualitative data that may help identify causes of failure (for example, clogging, particle loss). It is not appropriate for acceptance testing of geotextiles. It is also improper to utilize the results from this test for job specifications or manufacturers' certifications.  
5.3 This test method is intended for site-specific investigation therefore is not an index property of the geotextile, and thus is not intended to be requested of the manufacturer or supplier of the geotextile.
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1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.  
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7747/D7747M-11(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Integrity of Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods for Reinforced Geomembranes by the Strip Tensile Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
1.2 The types of thermal field and factory seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following:  
1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.2.2 Hot Wedge—This technique melts the two geomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metal wedge between them. Pressure is applied to the top and bottom geomembrane to form a continuous bond. Some seams of this kind are made with dual tracks separated by a non-bonded gap. These seams are sometimes referred to as dual hot wedge seams or double-track seams.  
1.2.3 Extrusion—This technique encompasses extruding molten resin between two geomembranes or at the edge of two overlapped geomembranes to effect a continuous bond.  
1.2.4 Radio Frequency (RF) or Dielectric—High-frequency dielectric equipment is used to generate heat and pressure to form an overlap seam in factory fabrication.  
1.2.5 Impulse—Clamping bars heated by wires or a ribbon melt the sheets clamped between them. A cooling period while still clamped allows the polymer to solidify before being released.  
1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM D6992-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in reinforcement applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
5.4 Creep-rupture test data are used to develop a regression line relating creep stress to rupture time. These results predict the long-term rupture strength expected for geosynthetics in reinforcement applications.  
5.5 Tensile testing is used to establish the ultimate tensile strength (TULT) of a material and to determine elastic stress, strain, and variations thereof for SIM tests.  
5.6 Ramp and Hold (R+H) testing is done to establish the range of creep strains experienced in the brief period of very rapid response following the peak of the load ramp.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D7106/D7106M-05(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides guidance to obtain data that is the most representative of the material’s characteristics and performance. To properly evaluate EPDM, tests should be performed in accordance with specific test methods and procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) geomembranes used in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications.  
1.2 This guide includes test methods for three different types of EPDM geomembranes including: scrim-reinforced membranes, composite membranes, and smooth, nonreinforced membranes.  
1.3 The test methods are divided into three categories including manufacturing quality control, optional performance tests, and seam testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
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