ASTM D4883-08

Standard Test Method for Density of Polyethylene by the Ultrasound Technique (Withdrawn 2017)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The density of polyethylene is a conveniently measurable property which is frequently useful as a means of following physical changes in a sample, as an indication of uniformity among samples, and as a means of identification.
This test method is designed to yield results with a precision of ±0.08 % or better.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of polyethylene through the utilization of ultrasound equipment.
1.2 This test method is based on the distinct behaviors of the amorphous and crystalline phases of polyethylene in response to ultrasound. Polyethylene shall be viewed as a composite structure where high-density crystalline regions are connected by lower-density amorphous material. The ratio of crystalline to amorphous material determines the final density of the material. The amorphous and crystalline phases exhibit very distinct behaviors with regard to the propagation of sound waves. The propagation characteristics in the composite will depend on the relative amount of the two phases (the degree of crystallinity).
1.3 Inorganic materials increase density as measured by Test Methods D 792 and D 1505, but they have little or no effect on ultrasonic density. The ultrasonic measurement is basically a base resin density.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the density of polyethylene through the utilization of ultrasound equipment.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D20 on Plastics, this test method was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2008
• Withdrawal Date: 08-Jan-2017
• ICS: 83.080.20 - Thermoplastic materials
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.70 - Analytical Methods

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4883-03 - Standard Test Method for Density of Polyethylene by the Ultrasound Technique
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM D4883-18 - Standard Test Method for Density of Polyethylene by the Ultrasound Technique
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D3350-21 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D7082-21 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Stay In Place Form System for End Walls for Drainage Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F2947/F2947M-21a - Standard Specification for 150 to 1500 mm [6 to 60 in.] Annular Corrugated Profile-Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary Sewer Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D7006-22 - Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Geomembranes
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D3981-09a(2016) - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Medium-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D4321-15 - Standard Test Method for Package Yield of Plastic Film
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D4976-12a(2020) - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F2306/F2306M-21 - Standard Specification for 300 mm to 1500 mm [12 in. to 60 in.] Annular Corrugated Profile-Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Non-Pressure Gravity-Flow Storm Sewer and Subsurface Drainage Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F2818-10(2023) - Standard Specification for Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Material Gas Pressure Pipe and Tubing
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D7774-22 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Fatigue Properties of Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D3485-22 - Standard Specification for Coilable High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Cable in Conduit (CIC)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D7791-22 - Standard Test Method for Uniaxial Fatigue Properties of Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4883 − 08
Standard Test Method for
1
Density of Polyethylene by the Ultrasound Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4883; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density
D1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion
of polyethylene through the utilization of ultrasound equip-
Materials for Wire and Cable
ment.
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
1.2 Thistestmethodisbasedonthedistinctbehaviorsofthe
Gradient Technique
amorphous and crystalline phases of polyethylene in response
D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-
to ultrasound. Polyethylene shall be viewed as a composite
tings Materials
structure where high-density crystalline regions are connected
D4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic
by lower-density amorphous material. The ratio of crystalline
Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
to amorphous material determines the final density of the
D4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and
material. The amorphous and crystalline phases exhibit very
Extrusion Materials
distinct behaviors with regard to the propagation of sound
E494 Practice for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Materi-
waves. The propagation characteristics in the composite will
als
depend on the relative amount of the two phases (the degree of
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
crystallinity).
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.3 InorganicmaterialsincreasedensityasmeasuredbyTest
3. Terminology
Methods D792 and D1505, but they have little or no effect on
ultrasonic density. The ultrasonic measurement is basically a
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given in Terminology
base resin density.
D883, as well as in Test Methods D792 and D1505, are
applicable to this test method.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4. Significance and Use
only.
4.1 The density of polyethylene is a conveniently measur-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
able property which is frequently useful as a means of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
following physical changes in a sample, as an indication of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
uniformity among samples, and as a means of identification.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.2 This test method is designed to yield results with a
precision of 60.08 % or better.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
2 5.1 Use an instrument which utilizes a sonic technique to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
evaluate the density of polyethylene. The DS 500 instrument
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
utilizes a sonic sensing head (transducer) which measures the
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
velocity of sound in a molded specimen. Because sonic
velocity is positively correlated to density in polyethylene, a
measurement of this velocity is used to determine specimen
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
3
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4883 – 03. DOI: The sole source of supply of the DS 500 instrument known to the committee at
10.1520/D4883-08. this time is Deguise Technologies, Inc., 11755 Rue de Guise, Quebec City (PQ),
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Canada, G2A3K6; Phone: [phone]; (email:[e-mail]). If you are
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on tional Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting
1
the ASTM website. of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4883–03 Designation:D4883–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Density of Polyethylene by the Ultrasound Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4883; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of polyethylene through the utilization of ultrasound equipment.
1.2 This test method is based on the distinct behaviors of the amorphous and crystalline phases of polyethylene in response to
ultrasound. Polyethylene canshall be viewed as a composite structure where high-density crystalline regions are connected by
lower-density amorphous material. The ratio of crystalline to amorphous material determines the final density of the material. The
amorphous and crystalline phases exhibit very distinct behaviors with regard to the propagation of sound waves. The propagation
characteristics in the composite will depend on the relative amount of the two phases (the degree of crystallinity).
1.3 Inorganic materials increase density as measured by Test Methods D 792 and D1505 and D 1505, but they have little or no
effect on ultrasonic density. The ultrasonic measurement is basically a base resin density.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D 1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics:Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire and Cable
D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique
D 3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics:Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials
D 4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
D 4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics:Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials
E 494 Practice for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Materials
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: The definitions given in Terminology D 883, as well as in Test Methods D 792 and D 1505, are applicable to
this test method.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The density of polyethylene is a conveniently measurable property which is frequently useful as a means of following
physical changes in a sample, as an indication of uniformity among samples, and as a means of identification.
4.2 This test method is designed to yield results with a precision of 60.08 % or better.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 onAnalytical Methods, Section
01, Physical Methods.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003.Nov. 1, 2008. Published September 2003.November 2008. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in
19992003 as D4883–99.D 4883 – 03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D4883–08
5. Apparatus
3
5.1 Use an instrument which utilizes a sonic technique to evaluate the density of polyethylene.The DS 500 instrument utilizes
a sonic sensing head (transducer) which measures the velocity of sound in a molded specimen. Because sonic velocity is positively
correlated to density in polyethylene, a measurement of this velocity is used to determine spec
...