ASTM C896-04(2009)

Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2009
• ICS: 01.040.91 - Construction materials and building (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
• Technical Committee: C04 - Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C04.10 - Editorial

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C896-04 - Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM C896-11 - Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2011
• Referred By: ASTM C1091-03a(2022) - Standard Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C159-06(2021) - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C301-18(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1283-15(2021) - Standard Practice for Installing Clay Flue Lining
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C12-22a - Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C315-07(2021) - Standard Specification for Clay Flue Liners and Chimney Pots
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C425-22 - Standard Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1208/C1208M-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling, Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C4-04(2018) - Standard Specification for Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2266-22 - Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Low-Rise Frame Building Wall Systems to Resist Water Intrusion
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C700-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C828-23 - Standard Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C896–04 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Terminology Relating to
Clay Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents beveled pipe—a pipe with an end angled to mate with a
2 complimentary pipe end or adjust to another surface.
1.1 ASTM Standards:
blister—a convex, raised area on the pipe surface indicating an
C301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
internal separation.
C700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,
body—See pipe body.
Standard Strength, and Perforated
chip—a small piece of broken-off material, or the location
2. Terminology
where a small piece of the unit material has been broken off.
clay—an earthy or stony mineral aggregate consisting essen-
approving authority—the individual official, board, depart-
tially of hydrous silicates of alumina, plastic when suffi-
ment, or agency established and authorized by a state,
ciently pulverized and wetted, rigid when dry, and vitreous
county, city, or other political subdivision, created by law to
when fired to a sufficiently high temperature.
administer and enforce specified requirements.
closure—See compression joint.
backfill—all the material used to fill the trench from bedding
compaction—mechanical or hydraulic consolidation of back-
to finished surface.
fill to achieve stability.
backfill, final—material used to fill the trench from initial
compression coupling—See compression joint.
backfill to finished surface.
compression disk—a disk of compressible material placed
backfill, initial—material used to fill the trench from top of
between the ends of adjacent pipe for the purpose of
bedding to a designated height over the pipe.
distributing the jacking force.
backfill, unconsolidated—non-compacted material in place in
compression joint—a joint designed so that a sealing action is
the trench.
obtained by compressing elastomeric components.
barrel—the cylindrical portion of a vitrified clay pipe exclu-
conduit—a pipe for conveying fluid.
sive of branches, spurs, joints, and handling rings or lugs.
consolidation—the gradual reduction in volume of backfill
bearing strength—the non-destructive limit of pipe load, as
matter to achieve stability.
determinedby3-edgebearingtestmethod,usedtodetermine
constant weight—the condition of a substance in which all
field supporting strength.
volatile components have been vaporized, and repeated
bedding—the materials, their placement, consolidation, and
exposure to a specified temperature, for any period of time,
configuration, as designed to support, and to develop field
causes no change in weight.
supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe.
controlled low strength material (CLSM)—flowable low
bell—the flared-end portion of a vitrified clay pipe or fitting,
compressive strength cementitious material used in the pipe
designed to function in the joining of other such pipe.
zone as a bedding material. Also referred to as controlled
density fill, flowable fill, slurry, or lean concrete.
crack—an irregular separation with well-defined sharp edges
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on visible on the surface of a pipe.
Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.10 on
deadload—the load imposed on pipe, that is determined by
Editorial.
depth and width of the trench at top of pipe, as well as unit
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally
weight and character of backfill material.
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C896 – 04. DOI:
10.1520/C0896-04R09.
drains—a piping system used to collect and carry off surface
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and ground water.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
encasement—special materials, their placement and configu-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ration which are designed to fully surround the pipe, and
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C896–04 (2009)
develop a field supporting strength which exceeds that microtunneling—trenchless installation of pipe by jacking the
developed by other commonly used installation and bedding pipe behind a remotely controlled, steerable, laser guided,
techniques. microtunnel boring machine that provides continuous sup-
exfiltration—the quality of water leaving the test section port to the excavated face under various geotechnical con-
during a specified time period. ditions including the presence of groundwater.
face—to cover with a new surface. mitered fittings—fittings manufactured by using beveled pipe
filter block—a cellular vitrified clay block unit, of proprietary segments.
configuration, designed to underbed the media in trickling mitered pipe—See beveled pipe.
filters. nominal diameter—references the internal diameter in name
fire clay—a sedimentary clay of low-flux content. only to the nearest unit dimension.
fitting—products such as wyes, tees, elbows, adapters, etc. pimple—a small solid bump or protrusion on the pipe surface.
used in the installation of vitrified clay pipelines. pipe—See vitrified clay pipe.
flooding—a means of compacting trench backfill by the pipe body—the clay material or mixture of clay materials from
introduction of water by gravity. which vitrified clay pipe is made.
flue lining—a manufactured tubular non-load bearing fired pipebursting—processbywhichexistingpipelinesarebroken
clay unit, normally used for conveying hot gases in chim- by mechanical fracturing from either inside or outside with
neys. the remains being pushed into the surrounding soil while
fracture—that portion of a vitrified clay pipe from which a simultaneously inserting a new pipeline of equal or larger
fragmenthasbeenbroken.Itisdistinguishedbywell-defined diameter.
fracture faces and sharp edges where the fracture faces meet pipeline—pipes joined to provide a conduit through which
the surface of the pipe. fluids flow.
glaze—a ha
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C896–02 Designation: C 896 – 04 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Terminology Relating to
Clay Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents
1.1 ASTM Standards:
C 301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
C 700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated
2. Terminology
approving authority—the individual official, board, department, or agency established and authorized by a state, county, city, or
other political subdivision, created by law to administer and enforce specified requirements.
backfill—all the material used to fill the trench from bedding to finished surface.
backfill, final—material used to fill the trench from initial backfill to finished surface.
backfill, initial—material used to fill the trench from top of bedding to a designated height over the pipe.
backfill, unconsolidated—non-compacted material in place in the trench.
barrel—the cylindrical portion of a vitrified clay pipe exclusive of branches, spurs, joints, and handling rings or lugs.
bearing strength—the non-destructive limit of pipe load, as determined by 3-edge bearing test method, used to determine field
supporting strength.
bedding—the materials, their placement, consolidation, and configuration, as designed to support, and to develop field supporting
strength of vitrified clay pipe.
bell—the flared-end portion of a vitrified clay pipe or fitting, designed to function in the joining of other such pipe.
beveled pipe—a pipe with an end angled to mate with a complimentary pipe end or adjust to another surface.
blister—a convex, raised area on the pipe surface indicating an internal separation.
body—See pipe body.
chip—a small piece of broken-off material, or the location where a small piece of the unit material has been broken off.
clay—an earthy or stony mineral aggregate consisting essentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, plastic when sufficiently
pulverized and wetted, rigid when dry, and vitreous when fired to a sufficiently high temperature.
closure—See compression joint.
compaction—mechanical or hydraulic consolidation of backfill to achieve stability.
compression coupling—See compression joint.
compression disk—a disk of compressible material placed between the ends of adjacent pipe for the purpose of distributing the
jacking force.
compression joint—a joint designed so that a sealing action is obtained by compressing elastomeric components.
conduit—a pipe for conveying fluid.
consolidation—the gradual reduction in volume of backfill matter to achieve stability.
constant weight—the condition of a substance in which all volatile components have been vaporized, and repeated exposure to
a specified temperature, for any period of time, causes no change in weight.
controlled low strength material (CLSM)—flowable low compressive strength cementitious material used in the pipe zone as
a bedding material. Also referred to as controlled density fill, flowable fill, slurry, or lean concrete.
crack—an irregular separation with well-defined sharp edges visible on the surface of a pipe.
deadload—the load imposed on pipe, that is determined by depth and width of the trench at top of pipe, as well as unit weight
and character of backfill material.
drains—a piping system used to collect and carry off surface and ground water.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.10 on Editorial.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2002. Published March 2002. Originally published as C896–78. Last previous edition C896–99.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 896 – 04.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 04.05.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 896 – 04 (2009)
encasement—special materials, their placement and configuration which are designed to fully surround the pipe, and develop a
field supporting strength which exceeds that developed by other commonly used installation and bedding techniques.
exfiltration—the quality of water leaving the test section during a specified time period.
face—to cover with a new surface.
filter block—a cellular vitrified clay block unit, of proprietary configuration, designed to underbed the media in trickling filters.
fire clay—a sedimentary clay of low-flux content.
fitting—products such as wyes, tees, elbows, adapters, etc. used in the installation of vitrified clay pipelines.
flooding—a means of compacting trench backfill by the introduction of water by gravity.
flue lining—a manufactured tubular non-load bearing fired clay unit, normally used for conveying hot gases in chimneys.
fracture—that portion of a vitrified clay pipe from which a fragment has been broken. It is distinguished by well-defined fracture
faces and sharp edges where the fracture faces meet the surface of the pipe.
glaze—a hard glassy fused coating.
haunch—that portion of the pipe barrel extending from bottom to springline.
haunching—the act of placing bedding material around the haunch of the pipe.
inch-pound units—the units of length, area, volume, weight, and temperature in common use in the United States at the present
time. These include, but are not limited to: (1) length—feet, inches, and fractional inches, (2) area—square feet and square
inches, (3) volume—cubic feet, cubic inches, gallons, and ounces, (4) weight—pounds and ounces, and (5) temperature—
degrees Fahrenheit.
industrial waste—the water-conveyed residues resulting from manufacturing or processing operations.
infiltration—the quality of ground water entering the test section during a specified time period.
...