ASTM A802/A802M-95(1996)

Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Visual Examination

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the acceptance criteria for the surface inspection of steel castings by visual examination. Four levels of acceptance standards are provided.
1.2 Acceptance levels utilize Steel Castings Research and Trade Association (SCRATA) graded reference comparators for the visual determination of surface texture, surface roughness, and surface discontinuities described as follows: Acceptance levels A--Surface Texture
B--Nonmetallic Inclusions
C--Gas Porosity
D--Solidification Discontinuities
E--Sand Expansion Discontinuities
F--Metal Inserts
G--Thermally Cut Surfaces
H--Mechanically Prepared Surfaces
J--Welded Surfaces
1.3 Descriptions of terms related to casting discontinuities are in Section 2.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2000
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.18 - Castings

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM A802/A802M-95(2001) - Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Visual Examination
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 802/A 802M – 95 (Reapproved 1996) An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Visual
1
Examination
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 802/A 802M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1.1.3 scab, n—a raised, rough area on a casting that
usually consists of a crust of metal covering a layer of sand.
1.1 This practice covers the acceptance criteria for the
Sometimes, a scab consists of a raised, rough area of essen-
surface inspection of steel castings by visual examination. Four
tially solid metal on the surface of a casting.
levels of acceptance standards are provided.
2.1.2 external chills:
1.2 Acceptance levels utilize Steel Castings Research and
2
2.1.2.1 external chills, n—usually metal blocks, or graphite
Trade Association (SCRATA) graded reference comparators
and carbon blocks, that are incorporated into the mold to
for the visual determination of surface texture, surface rough-
locally increase the rate of heat removal during solidification.
ness, and surface discontinuities described as follows:
Brackets have the same purpose but represent an integral part
Acceptance levels
of the casting. Brackets are produced by providing suitable
A—Surface Texture
cavities in the mold or core. External chills may produce flat
B—Nonmetallic Inclusions
spots and edges (raised areas or depressions) on the casting
C—Gas Porosity
surface. Brackets merely change the casting appearance due to
D—Solidification Discontinuities
their presence. Brackets may be removed or allowed to remain
E—Sand Expansion Discontinuities
on the casting.
F—Metal Inserts
G—Thermally Cut Surfaces 2.1.2.2 parting line and core print fins, n—thin projections
of excess metal at the parting plane between mold halves or
H—Mechanically Prepared Surfaces
J—Welded Surfaces core and mold. Causes are improper closing of the mold,
insufficient weighting or clamping of the mold for pouring, or
1.3 Descriptions of terms related to casting discontinuities
are in Section 2. uneven pattern surfaces at the matching locations. Core print
fins are usually caused by improper dimensions of core prints
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the of the pattern or core box, by rough placement of cores in a soft
mold, or by inadequately secured cores.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2.1.3 fusion discontinuities:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.1.3.1 wrinkles, n—elongated, smooth depressions of the
casting surface, frequently appearing in closely spaced groups.
2. Terminology
Wrinkles result from irregularities of the liquid metal flow in
2.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the mold cavity, frequently associated with low temperature,
2.1.1 expansion discontinuities:
and are distinguished from the more severe phenomenon of
2.1.1.1 veins, n—raised, narrow, linear ridges that form
laps, folds, or cold shuts where the casting surface is actually
upon cracking of the sand mold or core due to expansion of
folded over.
sand and the resulting mold or core stresses during filling of the
2.1.3.2 laps, folds, and cold shuts, n—interchangeable
mold with liquid steel.
terms to describe the appearance of the casting surface that is
2.1.1.2 rat tails, n—long, narrow, linear depressions or
actually folded over. They develop due to low temperature,
small steps occurring on a casting surface. Rat tails form as a
unfavorable flow conditions caused by oxide films, or combi-
result of sand expansion and minor buckling of the mold
nations thereof.
surface during filling of the mold with liquid metal.
2.1.3.3 misrun, n—an incompletely formed casting, due to
only partial filling of the mold cavity when the liquid metal
solidifies prematurely. The resulting casting appearance is
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
characterized by rounded edges, for a mild degree of misrun.
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18on Castings.
Irregular, malformed edges of more severe misruns, and not
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995. Originally
fully formed castings, are characteristic. Frequently, misruns
published as A 802 – 82. Last
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