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ASTM D7192-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastic Films Using Load and Displacement Sensors

Standard Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastic Films Using Load and Displacement Sensors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is designed to provide load versus deformation response of plastic films under essentially multi-axial deformation conditions at impact velocities. This test method further provides a measure of the rate sensitivity of the plastic films to impact.  
4.2 Multi-axial impact response, while partly dependent on thickness, does not necessarily have a linear correlation with specimen thickness. Therefore, results should be compared only for specimens of essentially the same thickness, unless specific responses versus thickness formulae have been established for the plastic films being tested.  
4.3 For many plastic films, it is possible that a specification exists that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.  
4.4 The values obtained by this test method are highly dependent on the method and conditions of film fabrication as well as the type and grade of resin. Results can vary significantly, depending upon sample quality, uniformity of film gage, die marks, contaminants, and so forth.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of puncture properties of plastic films, over a range of test velocities.  
1.1.1 ASTM Terminology Standard D883 has defined film as having a thickness not greater than 0.25 mm. Plastic materials having a thickness above this limit are not to be excluded from use unless shown to be rigid (see 3.2.1). Test Method D3763 is the recommended method for instrumented puncture testing of rigid plastics.  
1.2 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method does not closely conform to ISO 7765-2. The only similarity between the two tests is that they are both instrumented impact tests. The differences in striker, fixture, specimen geometries and in test velocity can produce significantly different test results.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jan-2020
ICS
83.140.10 - Films and sheets
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.19 - Film, Sheeting, and Molded Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D7192-20 - Standard Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastic Films Using Load and Displacement SensorsASTM D7192-20 - Standard Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastic Films Using Load and Displacement Sensors
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7192 − 20
Standard Test Method for
High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastic Films Using Load
1
and Displacement Sensors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7192; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of
1.1 This test method covers the determination of puncture
Plastics Using Load and Displacement Sensors
properties of plastic films, over a range of test velocities.
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
1.1.1 ASTM Terminology Standard D883 has defined film
als
as having a thickness not greater than 0.25 mm. Plastic
D6988 GuideforDeterminationofThicknessofPlasticFilm
materials having a thickness above this limit are not to be
Test Specimens
excluded from use unless shown to be rigid (see 3.2.1). Test
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
Method D3763 is the recommended method for instrumented
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
puncture testing of rigid plastics.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and
3. Terminology
appropriate for use in engineering design.
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this standard are defined in
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
accordance with Terminology D883, unless otherwise speci-
standard.
fied. For terms relating to precision and bias and associated
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
issues,thetermsusedinthisstandardaredefinedinaccordance
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
with Terminology E456.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.2.1 rigid, adj—any plastic specimen that, when placed on
the support component of the open clamp assembly, does not
NOTE1—ThistestmethoddoesnotcloselyconformtoISO 7765-2.The
deflect into the center of the unsupported region (under its own
only similarity between the two tests is that they are both instrumented
weight)bymorethan0.05mmfromthehorizontalplaneofthe
impact tests. The differences in striker, fixture, specimen geometries and
in test velocity can produce significantly different test results.
support component.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—This definition is provided as a guide-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
line to allow testing of soft, pliable plastic materials that are
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
thicker than 0.25 mm.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Significance and Use
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 This test method is designed to provide load versus
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
deformation response of plastic films under essentially multi-
2. Referenced Documents
axial deformation conditions at impact velocities. This test
2
method further provides a measure of the rate sensitivity of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
plastic films to impact.
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
4.2 Multi-axial impact response, while partly dependent on
thickness, does not necessarily have a linear correlation with
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
specimen thickness. Therefore, results should be compared
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and
Molded Products.
only for specimens of essentially the same thickness, unless
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2020. Published March 2020. Originally
specific responses versus thickness formulae have been estab-
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D7192 - 19. DOI:
lished for the plastic films being tested.
10.1520/D7192-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.3 For many plastic films, it is possible that a specification
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
exists that requires the use of this test method, but with some
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering
*A Summary of Change
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7192 − 19 D7192 − 20
Standard Test Method for
High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastic Films Using Load
1
and Displacement Sensors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7192; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of puncture properties of plastic films, over a range of test velocities.
1.1.1 ASTM Terminology Standard D883 has defined film as having a thickness not greater than 0.25 mm. Plastic materials
having a thickness above this limit are not to be excluded from use unless shown to be rigid (see 3.2.1). Test Method D3763 is
the recommended method for instrumented puncture testing of rigid plastics.
1.2 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This test method does not closely conform to ISO 7765-2. The only similarity between the two tests is that they are both instrumented impact
tests. The differences in striker, fixture, specimen geometries and in test velocity can produce significantly different test results.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load and Displacement Sensors
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of Plastic Film Test Specimens
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions see Terms used in this standard are defined in accordance with Terminology D883 and for
abbreviations, see , unless otherwise specified. For terms relating to precision and bias and associated issues, the terms used in this
standard are defined in accordance with Terminology D1600E456.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 rigid, adj—any plastic specimen that, when placed on the support component of the open clamp assembly, does not deflect
into the center of the unsupported region (under its own weight) by more than 0.05 mm from the horizontal plane of the support
component.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and Molded
Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2019Feb. 1, 2020. Published September 2019March 2020. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20182019
as D7192 - 18.D7192 - 19. DOI: 10.1520/D7192-19.10.1520/D7192-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7192 − 20
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
This definition is provided as a guideline to allow testing of soft, pliable plastic materials that are thicker than 0.25 mm.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is designed to provide load versus deformation response of plastic films under essentially multi-axial
deformation conditions at impact velocities. This test method further provides a measure of the rate sensitivity
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification covers nonrigid, unsupported vinyl chloride plastic film and sheeting in which the resin portion of the composition contains at least 90 % vinyl chloride. The remaining 10 % may include one or more monomers copolymerized with vinyl chloride, or consist of other resins mechanically blended together with poly(vinyl chloride) or copolymers thereof. The film and sheeting covered herein shall be 0.075 to 0.25 mm (3 to 10 mils) in thickness for film and greater than 0.25 mm in thickness for sheet, and shall include the stabilizers and plasticizers necessary to meet the requirements of this specification. The material may be transparent, translucent, or opaque, and may be plain, printed, embossed, or otherwise surface treated. This specification designates three general-purpose types of vinyl chloride film and sheeting - calendered, extruded, and cast. The materials shall be tested for its tensile strength and elongation at rapture, tear resistance, volatile loss, water extraction, low temperature impact, burning rate, shrinkage, and color fastness to rubbing.
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1.1 This specification covers nonrigid, unsupported vinyl chloride plastic film and sheeting in which the resin portion of the composition contains at least 90 % vinyl chloride. The remaining 10 % can include one or more monomers copolymerized with vinyl chloride, or consist of other resins mechanically blended together with poly(vinyl chloride) or copolymers thereof.  
1.2 The vinyl chloride plastic film and sheeting covered herein shall be 0.075 to 0.25 mm (3 to 10 mils) in thickness for film and greater than 0.25 mm in thickness for sheeting. The film and sheeting shall include the stabilizers and plasticizers necessary to meet the requirements of this specification. This specification covers transparent, translucent, or opaque film and sheeting that is plain, printed, embossed, or otherwise surface treated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4551-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-Containment Membrane

ABSTRACT
This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) flexible sheeting which is used without mastic, bedding, or coating for construction of concealed water containment membranes that include fountains, pools, planters, shower and safe pans, tile tubs, or similar wet installations where the membrane is inaccessible once the construction is complete. The plastic materials shall meet the inherent viscosity and compound density requirements and shall be subjected to tests that have been selected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulate the environment to which the membrane will be subjected during actual use. Qualification tests shall be performed wherein the sheeting shall conform to the following physical property requirements: thickness; stress-strain properties such as tensile strength, tensile stress at elongation, and elongation at break; tear resistance; pinholes; microorganism resistance; puncture resistance; indentation resistance; folding resistance; chemical resistance to distilled water, soapy water, or alkali; hydrostatic pressure resistance; shrinkage; and volatile loss.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) flexible sheeting which is used without mastic, bedding, or coating for construction of concealed water-containment-membranes in applications where there is potential for costly secondary damage from water leakage and very long-term reliable performance is essential. Examples are fountains, pools, planters, shower and safe pans, tile tubs, or similar wet installations where the membrane is inaccessible once the construction is complete. Included are requirements for materials and sheeting, test methods, workmanship criteria, and methods of marking.  
1.2 Recycled materials may be used in this product in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.  
1.3 The tests are intended to ensure quality and performance and are not intended for design purposes. Tests have been selected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulate the environment to which the membrane will be subjected during actual use.  
1.4 This specification does not cover water-containment membranes exposed to ultraviolet light.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1709-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free-Falling Dart Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Test Methods A and B are used to establish the weight of the dart when 50 % of the specimens fail under the conditions specified. Data obtained by one test method cannot be compared directly with the other test method nor with those obtained from tests employing different conditions of missile velocity, impinging surface diameter, effective specimen diameter, material construction and finish of the dart head, and film thickness. The values obtained by these test variables are highly dependent on the method of film fabrication.  
4.2 The results obtained by Test Methods A and B are greatly influenced by the quality of film under test. The confidence limits of data obtained by this procedure can, therefore, vary significantly, depending on the sample quality, uniformity of film gage, die marks, contaminants, etc.  
4.3 Test Methods A and B have been found useful for specification purposes.  
Note 4: With sufficient data, correlation between test results and field performance can usually be established.  
4.4 The impact resistance of plastic film, while partly dependent on thickness, has no simple correlation with sample thickness. Hence, impact values cannot be normalized over a range of thickness without producing misleading data as to the actual impact resistance of the material. Data from these test methods are comparable only for specimens that vary by no more than ±25 % from the nominal or average thickness of the specimens tested.  
4.5 Several impact test methods are used for film. It is sometimes desirable to know the relationships among test results derived by different test methods. A study was conducted in which four films made from two resins (polypropylene and linear low-density polyethylene), with two film thicknesses for each resin, were impacted using Test Methods D1709 (Method A), D3420 (Procedures A and B), and D4272. The test results are shown in the Appendix. Differences in results between Test Methods D1709 and D4272 are not unusual since...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the energy that causes plastic film to fail under specified conditions of impact of a free-falling dart. This energy is expressed in terms of the weight (mass) of the missile falling from a specified height which would result in 50 % failure of specimens tested.  
1.2 Two test methods are described:  
1.2.1 Test Method A employs a dart with a 38.10 ± 0.13-mm (1.500 ± 0.005-in.) diameter hemispherical head dropped from a height of 0.66 ± 0.01 m (26.0 ± 0.4 in.). This test method can be used for films whose impact resistances require masses of about 50 g to about 6 kg to fracture them.  
1.2.2 Test Method B employs a dart with a 50.80 ± 0.13-mm (2.000 ± 0.005-in.) diameter hemispherical head dropped from a height of 1.52 ± 0.03 m (60.0 + 0.25, −1.70 in.). Its range of applicability is from about 0.3 kg to about 6 kg.  
1.3 Two testing techniques are described:  
1.3.1 The standard technique is the staircase method. By this technique, the missile weight employed during the test is decreased or increased by uniform increments after the testing of each specimen, depending upon the result (fail or not fail) observed for the specimen.  
1.3.2 The alternative technique provides for testing specimens in successive groups of ten. One missile weight is employed for each group and the missile weight is varied in uniform increments from group to group.  
1.3.3 The staircase technique and the alternative technique give equivalent results both as to the values of impact failure weight which are obtained and as to the precisions with which they are determined.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: Tests on materials that do not break, for any reason, are not considered to be valid. It has been noted that certain materials may stretch so far as to bottom out at the base of certain ...

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