ASTM E2580-17
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Flat Panel Composites and Sandwich Core Materials Used in Aerospace Applications
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Flat Panel Composites and Sandwich Core Materials Used in Aerospace Applications
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended primarily for the testing of flat panel composites and sandwich core panels to an acceptance criteria most typically specified in a purchase order or other contractual document.
5.2 Basis of Application—There are areas in this practice that require agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes two procedures for ultrasonic testing (UT) of flat panel composites and flat sandwich core panels (parallel surfaces). Typical as-fabricated lay-ups include uniaxial, cross ply and angle ply laminates; as well as honeycomb sandwich core materials. These procedures can be used throughout the life cycle of the materials; product and process design optimization, on line process control, after manufacture inspection, and in service inspection. Contact methods such as angle-beam techniques using shear waves, or surface-beam techniques using Lamb waves, are not discussed.
1.2 Ultrasonic testing is a common subsurface method for detection of laminar oriented discontinuities. Two techniques can be considered based on panel surface accessibility; pulse echo for one sided and through transmission (bubblers/squirters) for two sided. As used in this practice, both require the use of a pulsed straight-beam ultrasonic longitudinal wave followed by observing indications of either the reflected (pulse-echo) or received (through transmission) wave. The general types of anomalies detected by both techniques include foreign materials, delamination, disbond/un-bond, fiber de-bonding, inclusions, porosity, and voids.
1.3 This practice provides two ultrasonic test procedures. Each has its own merits and requirements for inspection and shall be selected as agreed upon in a contractual document.
1.3.1 Test Procedure A, Pulse Echo (non-contacting and contacting), is at a minimum a single transducer transmitting and receiving a longitudinal wave in the range of 0.5 to 20 MHz (see Fig. 1). This procedure requires access to only one side of the specimen. This procedure can be conducted by automated or manual means. Automated and manual test results may be imaged or recorded.
FIG. 1 Test Procedure A, Pulse Echo Apparatus Set-up
1.3.2 Test Procedure B, Through Transmission, is a combination of two transducers. One transmits a longitudinal wave and the other receives the longitudinal wave in the range of 0.5 MHz to 20 MHz (see Fig. 2). This procedure requires access to both sides of the specimen. This procedure is automated and the examination results are recorded.
FIG. 2 Test Procedure B, Through Transmission Apparatus Set-up
1.4 This practice does not specify accept-reject criteria.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2580 − 17
Standard Practice for
Ultrasonic Testing of Flat Panel Composites and Sandwich
1
Core Materials Used in Aerospace Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2580; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* and the other receives the longitudinal wave in the range of 0.5
MHz to 20 MHz (see Fig. 2).This procedure requires access to
1.1 This practice establishes two procedures for ultrasonic
both sides of the specimen. This procedure is automated and
testing (UT) of flat panel composites and flat sandwich core
the examination results are recorded.
panels (parallel surfaces).Typical as-fabricated lay-ups include
uniaxial, cross ply and angle ply laminates; as well as honey- 1.4 This practice does not specify accept-reject criteria.
comb sandwich core materials. These procedures can be used
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
throughout the life cycle of the materials; product and process
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
design optimization, on line process control, after manufacture
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
inspection, and in service inspection. Contact methods such as
priate safety, health, environmental practices and determine
angle-beam techniques using shear waves, or surface-beam
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
techniques using Lamb waves, are not discussed.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 Ultrasonic testing is a common subsurface method for
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
detection of laminar oriented discontinuities. Two techniques
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
can be considered based on panel surface accessibility; pulse
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
echo for one sided and through transmission (bubblers/
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
squirters) for two sided. As used in this practice, both require
the use of a pulsed straight-beam ultrasonic longitudinal wave
2. Referenced Documents
followed by observing indications of either the reflected
2
(pulse-echo) or received (through transmission) wave. The
2.1 ASTM Standards:
general types of anomalies detected by both techniques include
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions
3
foreign materials, delamination, disbond/un-bond, fiber de-
(Withdrawn 2016)
bonding, inclusions, porosity, and voids.
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
1.3 This practice provides two ultrasonic test procedures.
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
Each has its own merits and requirements for inspection and
tion
shall be selected as agreed upon in a contractual document.
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
1.3.1 Test Procedure A, Pulse Echo (non-contacting and
Testing
contacting), is at a minimum a single transducer transmitting
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced
and receiving a longitudinal wave in the range of 0.5 to 20
Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases (With-
MHz (see Fig. 1). This procedure requires access to only one
3
drawn 2015)
side of the specimen. This procedure can be conducted by
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
automated or manual means. Automated and manual test
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-
results may be imaged or recorded.
ReinforcedCompositeMaterialsinDatabases(Withdrawn
1.3.2 Test Procedure B, Through Transmission, is a combi-
3
2015)
nation of two transducers. One transmits a longitudinal wave
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Ultrasonic Method. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E2580 - 12. DOI: The last approved version of this histo
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2580 − 12 E2580 − 17
Standard Practice for
Ultrasonic Testing of Flat Panel Composites and Sandwich
1
Core Materials Used in Aerospace Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2580; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice establishes two procedures for ultrasonic testing (UT) of flat panel composites and flat sandwich core panels
(parallel surfaces). Typical as-fabricated lay-ups include uniaxial, cross ply and angle ply laminates; as well as honeycomb
sandwich core materials. These procedures can be used throughout the life cycle of the materials; product and process design
optimization, on line process control, after manufacture inspection, and in service inspection. Contact methods such as angle-beam
techniques using shear waves, or surface-beam techniques using Lamb waves, are not discussed.
1.2 Ultrasonic testing is a common sub surface subsurface method for detection of laminar oriented discontinuities. Two
techniques can be considered based on panel surface accessibility; pulse echo for one sided and through transmission
(bubblers/squirters) for two sided. As used in this practice, both require the use of a pulsed straight-beam ultrasonic longitudinal
wave followed by observing indications of either the reflected (pulse-echo) or received (through transmission) wave. The general
types of anomalies detected by both techniques include foreign materials, delamination, disbond/un-bond, fiber de-bonding,
inclusions, porosity, and voids.
1.3 This practice provides two ultrasonic test procedures. Each has its own merits and requirements for inspection and shall be
selected as agreed upon in a contractual document.
1.3.1 Test Procedure A, Pulse Echo (non-contacting and contacting), is at a minimum a single transducer transmitting and
receiving a longitudinal wave in the range of 0.5 to 20 MHz (see Fig. 1). This procedure requires access to only one side of the
specimen. This procedure can be conducted by automated or manual means. Automated and manual test results may be imaged
or recorded.
1.3.2 Test Procedure B, Through Transmission, is a combination of two transducers. One transmits a longitudinal wave and the
other receives the longitudinal wave in the range of 0.5 MHz to 20 MHz (see Fig. 2). This procedure requires access to both sides
of the specimen. This procedure is automated and the examination results are recorded.
1.4 This practice does not specify accept-reject criteria.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, environmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions (Withdrawn 2016)
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Preparation
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic Method.
Current edition approved June 15, 2012Nov. 1, 2017. Published July 2012December 2017. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
E2580 - 07.E2580 - 12. DOI: 10.1520/E2580-12.10.1520/E2580-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM In
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2580 − 17
Standard Practice for
Ultrasonic Testing of Flat Panel Composites and Sandwich
1
Core Materials Used in Aerospace Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2580; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* and the other receives the longitudinal wave in the range of 0.5
MHz to 20 MHz (see Fig. 2). This procedure requires access to
1.1 This practice establishes two procedures for ultrasonic
both sides of the specimen. This procedure is automated and
testing (UT) of flat panel composites and flat sandwich core
the examination results are recorded.
panels (parallel surfaces). Typical as-fabricated lay-ups include
uniaxial, cross ply and angle ply laminates; as well as honey- 1.4 This practice does not specify accept-reject criteria.
comb sandwich core materials. These procedures can be used
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
throughout the life cycle of the materials; product and process
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
design optimization, on line process control, after manufacture
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
inspection, and in service inspection. Contact methods such as
priate safety, health, environmental practices and determine
angle-beam techniques using shear waves, or surface-beam
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
techniques using Lamb waves, are not discussed.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 Ultrasonic testing is a common subsurface method for
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
detection of laminar oriented discontinuities. Two techniques
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
can be considered based on panel surface accessibility; pulse
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
echo for one sided and through transmission (bubblers/
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
squirters) for two sided. As used in this practice, both require
the use of a pulsed straight-beam ultrasonic longitudinal wave
2. Referenced Documents
followed by observing indications of either the reflected
2
(pulse-echo) or received (through transmission) wave. The
2.1 ASTM Standards:
general types of anomalies detected by both techniques include
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions
3
foreign materials, delamination, disbond/un-bond, fiber de-
(Withdrawn 2016)
bonding, inclusions, porosity, and voids.
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
1.3 This practice provides two ultrasonic test procedures.
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
Each has its own merits and requirements for inspection and
tion
shall be selected as agreed upon in a contractual document.
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
1.3.1 Test Procedure A, Pulse Echo (non-contacting and
Testing
contacting), is at a minimum a single transducer transmitting
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced
and receiving a longitudinal wave in the range of 0.5 to 20
Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases (With-
MHz (see Fig. 1). This procedure requires access to only one
3
drawn 2015)
side of the specimen. This procedure can be conducted by
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
automated or manual means. Automated and manual test
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-
results may be imaged or recorded.
Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases (Withdrawn
1.3.2 Test Procedure B, Through Transmission, is a combi-
3
2015)
nation of two transducers. One transmits a longitudinal wave
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Ultrasonic Method. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E2580 - 12. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/E2580-17. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © A
...
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