ASTM D877-02e1

Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes two procedures, A and B, for determining the electrical breakdown voltage of insulating liquid specimens. The breakdown test uses ac voltage in the power-frequency range from 45 to 65 Hz.
1.2 This test method is used to judge if the disk electrode breakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquids, as delivered from the manufacturer, that have never been filtered or dried. See Specification D 3487, Specification D 4652, and Guide D 5222 for the minimum specified electrical breakdown. This test method should be used as recommended by professional organization standards such as IEEE C57.106.
1.3 Limitations of the Procedures
1.3.1 The sensitivity of this test method to the general population of contaminants present in a liquid sample decreases as applied test voltages used in this test method become greater than approximately 25 kV rms.
1.3.2 If the concentration of water in the sample at room temperature is less than 60 % of saturation, the sensitivity of this test method to the presence of water is decreased. For further information refer to RR: D27-1006.
1.3.3 The suitability for this test method has not been determined for a liquid's viscosity higher than 900 cSt at 40C.
1.4 Procedure Applications
1.4.1 Procedure A
Procedure A is used to determine the breakdown voltage of liquids in which any insoluble breakdown products easily settle during the interval between the required repeated breakdown tests. These liquids include petroleum oils, hydrocarbons, and askarels (PCB) used as insulating and cooling liquids in transformers, cables, and similar apparatus.
Procedure A may be used to obtain the dielectric breakdown of silicone fluid as specified in Test Methods D 2225, provided the discharge energy into the sample is less than 20 mJ (milli joule) per breakdown for five consecutive breakdowns.
1.4.2 Procedure BThis procedure is used to determine the breakdown voltage of liquids in which any insoluble breakdown products do not completely settle from the space between the disks during the 1-min interval required in Procedure A. Procedure B, modified in accordance with Section 17 of Test Methods D 2225, is acceptable for testing silicone dielectric liquids if the requirements of can not be achieved.
1.4.2.2 Procedure B should also be applied for the determination of the breakdown voltage of liquid samples containing insoluble materials that settle from the specimen during testing. These may include samples taken from circuit breakers, load tap changers, and other liquids heavily contaminated with insoluble particulate material. These examples represent samples that may have large differences between replicate tests. The use of Procedure B will result in a more accurate value of breakdown voltage when testing such liquids.
1.4.2.3 Use Procedure B to establish the breakdown voltage of an insulating liquid where an ASTM specification does not exist or when developing a value for an ASTM guide or standard. Procedure A may be used once the single operator precision of has been demonstrated.
1.5 Both the SI and inch-pound units are equally acceptable.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-2002
• ICS: 29.040.10 - Insulating oils
• Technical Committee: D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
• Drafting Committee: D27.05 - Electrical Test

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D877-02 - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D877-02(2007) - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D4652-20 - Standard Specification for Silicone Liquid Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D2225-20 - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Liquids Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5282-05(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6871-17 - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3755-20 - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Under Direct-Voltage Stress
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D1676-17 - Standard Test Methods for Film-Insulated Magnet Wire
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D149-20 - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3455-11(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Electrical Insulating Oil of Petroleum Origin
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D117-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3394-16(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:D 877–02
Standard Test Method for
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using
1
Disk Electrodes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 877; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—A section reference in 11.2 was corrected editorially in February 2004.
1. Scope 1.4.1.1 Procedure A is used to determine the breakdown
voltage of liquids in which any insoluble breakdown products
1.1 This test method describes two procedures,Aand B, for
easily settle during the interval between the required repeated
determining the electrical breakdown voltage of insulating
breakdown tests. These liquids include petroleum oils, hydro-
liquid specimens. The breakdown test uses ac voltage in the
carbons, and askarels (PCB) used as insulating and cooling
power-frequency range from 45 to 65 Hz.
liquids in transformers, cables, and similar apparatus.
1.2 This test method is used to judge if the disk electrode
1.4.1.2 Procedure A may be used to obtain the dielectric
breakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquids,
breakdown of silicone fluid as specified in Test Methods
as delivered from the manufacturer, that have never been
D 2225, provided the discharge energy into the sample is less
filtered or dried. See Specification D 3487, Specification
than 20 mJ (milli joule) per breakdown for five consecutive
D 4652, and Guide D 5222 for the minimum specified electri-
breakdowns.
cal breakdown. This test method should be used as recom-
1.4.2 Procedure B:
mended by professional organization standards such as IEEE
1.4.2.1 This procedure is used to determine the breakdown
C57.106.
voltage of liquids in which any insoluble breakdown products
1.3 Limitations of the Procedures:
do not completely settle from the space between the disks
1.3.1 The sensitivity of this test method to the general
during the 1–min interval required in Procedure A. Procedure
population of contaminants present in a liquid sample de-
B, modified in accordance with Section 17 of Test Methods
creasesasappliedtestvoltagesusedinthistestmethodbecome
D 2225, is acceptable for testing silicone dielectric liquids if
greater than approximately 25 kV rms.
the requirements of 1.4.1.2 can not be achieved.
1.3.2 If the concentration of water in the sample at room
1.4.2.2 Procedure B should also be applied for the determi-
temperature is less than 60 % of saturation, the sensitivity of
nation of the breakdown voltage of liquid samples containing
this test method to the presence of water is decreased. For
2
insolublematerialsthatsettlefromthespecimenduringtesting.
further information refer to RR: D27-1006.
These may include samples taken from circuit breakers, load
1.3.3 The suitability for this test method has not been
tap changers, and other liquids heavily contaminated with
determined for a liquid’s viscosity higher than 900 cSt at 40°C.
insoluble particulate material. These examples represent
1.4 Procedure Applications
samples that may have large differences between replicate
1.4.1 Procedure A:
tests. The use of Procedure B will result in a more accurate
value of breakdown voltage when testing such liquids.
1.4.2.3 Use Procedure B to establish the breakdown voltage
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
of an insulating liquid where an ASTM specification does not
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D27.05 on Electrical Test.
exist or when developing a value for an ASTM guide or
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. Originally
standard. Procedure A may be used once the single operator
approved in 1946. Last previous edition D 877–87 (1995).
2 precision of 13.1 has been demonstrated.
RR: D27–1006, Round-Robin Data Using Modified VDE Electrode Cell for
Dielectric Strength Tests on Oil, is available from ASTM Headquarters. 1.5 BoththeSIandinch-poundunitsareequallyacceptable.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D877–02
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.4 This test method is not recommended for evaluation of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the the breakdown voltage of liquids used in equipment that
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- requires the application of vacuum and filtering of the oil
priate safety and h
...