ASTM E2004-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Facing Cleavage of Sandwich Panels
Standard Test Method for Facing Cleavage of Sandwich Panels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method determines the cleavage force required to peel stiff facings from the core of sandwich panels, and is used to determine how well the facing is bonded to the core. Test Method D 1781 only works well with flexible facings. As a guideline, the cleavage test method would work better on sandwich panels that have facings with a bending stiffness (EI) of greater than approximately 27.3 lbs-in2/inch width (3.09 kN·mm2/mm width). This converts to approximately 0.032 in. (0.81 mm) aluminum, 0.023 in. (0.57 mm) steel, and 0.046 in. (1.18 mm) fiberglass facings.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cleavage force to peel stiff facings from sandwich panels.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses may be approximate, and are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E2004–04
Standard Test Method for
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Facing Cleavage of Sandwich Panels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.3 core failure—failure that is completely within the core
material and is comprised of a tearing or rupture of the core
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cleav-
material with no evidence of interfacial disbonding between
age force to peel stiff facings from sandwich panels.
the core and the adhesive, within the adhesive itself, or
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
between the adhesive and the facing.
as the standard. The SI units given in parenthesis may be
3.1.4 mixed-mode failure—failure that shows evidence of
approximate, and are for information only.
more than one of the three failure modes described above.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Visually estimate and report the per-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
centofthetotalfailuresurfaceareathatiscoveredbyeachtype
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of failure.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 This test method determines the cleavage force required
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to peel stiff facings from the core of sandwich panels, and is
2.1 ASTM Standards:
used to determine how well the facing is bonded to the core.
D1781 Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel forAdhesives
Test Method D1781 only works well with flexible facings. As
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
a guideline, the cleavage test method would work better on
3. Terminology
sandwich panels that have facings with a bending stiffness (EI)
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of greater than approximately 27.3 lbs-in /inch width (3.09
3.1 Definitions:
2
kN·mm /mm width). This converts to approximately 0.032 in.
3.1.1 adhesive failure—failure that is completely within the
(0.81 mm) aluminum, 0.023 in. (0.57 mm) steel, and 0.046 in.
adhesive layer with no evidence of interfacial disbonding
(1.18 mm) fiberglass facings.
between the core and the adhesive, between the adhesive and
the facing, and no evidence of tearing or rupture within the
5. Apparatus
core.
5.1 Test Machine, capable of maintaining a controlled load-
3.1.2 bond failure—failure that is interfacial and is either
ing rate and indicating the load with an accuracy of 61%of
(a) between the adhesive and the core, or (b) between the
the indicated value. The accuracy of the test machine shall be
adhesive and the facing; no core or adhesive failure will be in
verified in accordance with Practices E4.
evidence in this type of failure.
5.2 Deflectometer, capable of measuring the displacement
3.1.2.1 Discussion—If bond failure occurs it should be
with a precision of at least 610 %.
specified as to whether it is type (a)or(b).
5.3 Micrometer gage or caliper, capable of measuring
accurately to 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.53 6. Test Specimen
on Materials and Processes for Durable Rigidwall Relocatable Structures.
6.1 The test specimen shall be from the sandwich panel
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally
being evaluated.
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E2004 – 99. DOI:
10.1520/E2004-04.
6.2 Prepare the specimen according to the dimensions
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
specified in Fig. 1.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.3 Theloadingblocksshallbebondedtothespecimenwith
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. an adhesive or attached with pop-rivets. See Fig. 2.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E2004–04
FIG. 1 Cleavage Test Specimen
8.3 Obtain load-deflection curves from cross-head travel.
9. Calculation
9.1 Determine the peak initial load and the average load
after the peak initial load as shown in Fig. 3.
10. Report
10.1 The report shall include the following:
10.1.1 Description of test specimens, core material, facings,
core-to-facing adhesive,
10.1.2 Dimens
...
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