ASTM D5922-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for Analysis, Interpretation, and Modeling of Spatial Variation in Geostatistical Site Investigations
Standard Guide for Analysis, Interpretation, and Modeling of Spatial Variation in Geostatistical Site Investigations
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Whether for the sake of simplicity or because of a lack of information, geotechnical engineers regularly assume that soil and rock properties are the same throughout a particular location, even though they realize that the use of averaged parameter values can result in soil parameters that are significantly different from the actual parameters.
5.2 Considering the spatial distribution of soil and rock mass properties, the use of geostatictics in site investigations should be considered as it will provide a more accurate estimation of the soil and rock properties based on the available input information.
5.3 This guide is intended to encourage consistency in the analysis, interpretation, and modeling of spatial variation in geostatistical site investigations.
5.4 This guide should be used in conjunction with Guides D5549, D5923, and D5924.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers recommendations for analyzing, interpreting, and modeling spatial variation of regionalized variables in geotechnical and environmental site investigations.
1.2 The measures of spatial variation discussed in this guide include variograms and correlograms; these are fully described in Refs. (1-4).2
1.3 This guide is intended to assist those who are already familiar with the geostatistical tools discussed herein and does not provide introductory information on the analysis, interpretation, and modeling of spatial variation.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5922 − 18
Standard Guide for
Analysis, Interpretation, and Modeling of Spatial Variation in
1
Geostatistical Site Investigations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5922; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Geostatistics is a framework for data analysis, estimation, and simulation in media whose
measurable attributes show erratic spatial variability yet also possess a degree of spatial continuity
imparted by the natural and anthropogenic processes operating therein. The soil, rock, and contained
fluids encountered in environmental or geotechnical site investigations present such features, and their
sampled attributes are therefore amenable to geostatistical treatment.This guide is concerned with the
analysis, interpretation, and modeling of spatial variation.
1. Scope document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
1.1 This guide covers recommendations for analyzing,
document means only that the document has been approved
interpreting, and modeling spatial variation of regionalized
through the ASTM consensus process.
variablesingeotechnicalandenvironmentalsiteinvestigations.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 The measures of spatial variation discussed in this guide
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
include variograms and correlograms; these are fully described
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2
in Refs. (1-4).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3 This guide is intended to assist those who are already
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
familiar with the geostatistical tools discussed herein and does
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
not provide introductory information on the analysis,
2. Referenced Documents
interpretation, and modeling of spatial variation.
3
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Fluids
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- D5549 Guide for The Contents of Geostatistical Site Inves-
4
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. tigation Report (Withdrawn 2002)
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information D5923 GuideforSelectionofKrigingMethodsinGeostatis-
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific tical Site Investigations
course of action. This document cannot replace education or D5924 Guide for Selection of Simulation Approaches in
experienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessional Geostatistical Site Investigations
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
3. Terminology
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
3.1 Definitions:
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in this
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface
3
Characterization. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5922–96(2010). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5922-18. the ASTM website.
2 4
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the text. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5922 − 18
3.2.1 anisotropy, n—in geostatistics, a property of the var- situations. Other methods exist and may enhance the develop-
iogram or covariance stating that different spatial variation ment of an appropriate model of
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5922 − 96 (Reapproved 2010) D5922 − 18
Standard Guide for
Analysis Analysis, Interpretation, and Modeling of Spatial
1
Variation in Geostatistical Site Investigations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5922; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Geostatistics is a framework for data analysis, estimation, and simulation in media whose
measurable attributes show erratic spatial variability yet also possess a degree of spatial continuity
imparted by the natural and anthropogenic processes operating therein. The soil, rock, and contained
fluids encountered in environmental or geotechnical site investigations present such features, and their
sampled attributes are therefore amenable to geostatistical treatment. This guide is concerned with the
analysis, interpretation, and modeling of spatial variation. The purpose of this guide is to offer
guidance based on a consensus of views but not to establish a standard practice to follow in all cases.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers recommendations for analyzing, interpreting, and modeling spatial variation of regionalized variables in
geotechnical and environmental site investigations.
1.2 The measures of spatial variation discussed in this guide include variograms and correlograms; these are fully described in
2
Refs. (1-4).
1.3 This guide is intended to assist those who are already familiar with the geostatistical tools discussed herein and does not
provide introductory information on the analysis, interpretation, and modeling of spatial variation.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
4
D5549 Guide for The Contents of Geostatistical Site Investigation Report (Withdrawn 2002)
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface
Characterization.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010Dec. 15, 2018. Published September 2010December 2018. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20042010
as D5922–96(2004).D5922–96(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D5922-96R10.10.1520/D5922-18.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of the text.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5922 − 18
D5923 Guide for Selection of Kriging Methods in Geostatistical Site Investigations
D5924 Guide for Selection of Simulation Approaches in Geostatistical Site Investigations
3.
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