ASTM D5924-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection of Simulation Approaches in Geostatistical Site Investigations
Standard Guide for Selection of Simulation Approaches in Geostatistical Site Investigations
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to encourage consistency and thoroughness in the application of geostatistical simulation to environmental, geotechnical, and hydrogeological site investigations.
4.2 This guide may be used to assist those performing a simulation study or as an explanation of procedures for qualified nonparticipants who may be reviewing or auditing the study.
4.3 This guide should be used in conjunction with Guides D5549, D5922, and D5923.
4.4 This guide describes conditions for which simulation or particular simulation approaches are recommended. However, these approaches are not necessarily inappropriate if the stated conditions are not encountered.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the conditions that determine the selection of a suitable simulation approach for a site investigation problem. Alternative simulation approaches considered here are conditional and nonconditional, indicator and Gaussian, single and multiple realization, point, and block.
1.2 This guide describes the conditions for which the use of simulation is an appropriate alternative to the use of estimation in geostatistical site investigations.
1.3 This guide does not discuss the basic principles of geostatistics. Introductions to geostatistics may be found in numerous texts including Refs (1-3).2
1.4 This guide is concerned with general simulation approaches only and does not discuss particular simulation algorithms currently in use. These are described in Refs (4-6).
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5924 − 18
Standard Guide for
Selection of Simulation Approaches in Geostatistical Site
1
Investigations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5924; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Geostatistics is a framework for data analysis, estimation, and simulation in media whose
measurable attributes show erratic spatial variability yet also possess a degree of spatial continuity
imparted by the natural and anthropogenic processes operating therein. The soil, rock, and contained
fluids encountered in environmental or geotechnical site investigations present such features, and their
sampled attributes are therefore amenable to geostatistical treatment. Geostatistical simulation
approaches are used to produce maps of an attribute that honor the spatial variability of sampled
values. This guide reviews criteria for selecting a simulation approach, offering direction based on a
consensus of views without recommending a standard practice to follow in all cases.
1. Scope a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
1.1 This guide covers the conditions that determine the
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
selection of a suitable simulation approach for a site investi-
document means only that the document has been approved
gation problem. Alternative simulation approaches considered
through the ASTM consensus process.
here are conditional and nonconditional, indicator and
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Gaussian, single and multiple realization, point, and block.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 This guide describes the conditions for which the use of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
simulation is an appropriate alternative to the use of estimation
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
in geostatistical site investigations.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3 This guide does not discuss the basic principles of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
geostatistics. Introductions to geostatistics may be found in
2
numerous texts including Refs (1-3). 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.4 This guide is concerned with general simulation ap- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
proaches only and does not discuss particular simulation D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
algorithms currently in use. These are described in Refs (4-6). Fluids
D5549 Guide for The Contents of Geostatistical Site Inves-
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information
4
tigation Report (Withdrawn 2002)
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
D5922 Guide for Analysis of Spatial Variation in Geostatis-
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
tical Site Investigations
experienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessional
D5923 Guide for Selection of Kriging Methods in Geostatis-
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
tical Site Investigations
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface
3
Characterization. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 15, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5924–96(2010). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5924-18. the ASTM website.
2 4
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the text. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5924 − 18
3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in this 4.3 This guide should be used in conjunction with Guides
standard, refer to Terminology D653. D5549, D5922, and D5923.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to Th
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5924 − 96 (Reapproved 2010) D5924 − 18
Standard Guide for
Selection of Simulation Approaches in Geostatistical Site
1
Investigations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5924; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Geostatistics is a framework for data analysis, estimation, and simulation in media whose
measurable attributes show erratic spatial variability yet also possess a degree of spatial continuity
imparted by the natural and anthropogenic processes operating therein. The soil, rock, and contained
fluids encountered in environmental or geotechnical site investigations present such features, and their
sampled attributes are therefore amenable to geostatistical treatment. Geostatistical simulation
approaches are used to produce maps of an attribute that honor the spatial variability of sampled
values. This guide reviews criteria for selecting a simulation approach, offering direction based on a
consensus of views without recommending a standard practice to follow in all cases.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the conditions that determine the selection of a suitable simulation approach for a site investigation
problem. Alternative simulation approaches considered here are conditional and nonconditional, indicator and Gaussian, single and
multiple realization, point, and block.
1.2 This guide describes the conditions for which the use of simulation is an appropriate alternative to the use of estimation in
geostatistical site investigations.
1.3 This guide does not discuss the basic principles of geostatistics. Introductions to geostatistics may be found in numerous
2
texts including Refs (1-3).
1.4 This guide is concerned with general simulation approaches only and does not discuss particular simulation algorithms
currently in use. These are described in Refs (4-6).
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface
Characterization.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010July 15, 2018. Published September 2010August 2018. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20042010
as D5924–96(2004).D5924–96(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D5924-96R10.10.1520/D5924-18.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of the text.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5924 − 18
4
D5549 Guide for The Contents of Geostatistical Site Investigation Report (Withdrawn 2002)
D5922 Guide for Analysis of Spatial Variation in Geostatistical Site Investigations
D5923 Guide for Selection of Kriging Methods in Geostatistical Site Investigations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 conditional simulation, n—a simulation approach where rea
...
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