ASTM D8122-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Mass per Unit Area of Geohazard Nettings
Standard Test Method for Determining Mass per Unit Area of Geohazard Nettings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Using a geohazard netting as a medium to retain rock particles necessitates compatibility between it and the adjacent rock. This test method measures the mass per unit area of a geohazard netting which is often specified by design engineers as an indicator of a geohazard netting’s ability to stabilize and control the movement of loose rocks. Knowing a geohazard netting’s mass per unit area is also important in analyzing the anchoring required to support the mesh at the top of a soil or rock slope.
5.2 This test method may also be used for quality control during the manufacturing process and quality assurance that material meets project or material specifications.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an index test to determine the mass per unit area of geohazard nettings. The mass per unit area is a characteristic of a geohazard netting that contributes to its ability to stabilize and control the movement of loose rocks. There are many different types of geohazard nettings which necessitates a single standard by which all geohazard nettings may be measured.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.2.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.2.2 The terms density and unit weight are often used interchangeably. Density is mass per unit volume, whereas, unit weight is force per unit volume. In this standard, density is given only in SI units. After the density has been determined, the unit weight is calculated in SI or inch-pound units, or both.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practi...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8122 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Mass per Unit Area of Geohazard Nettings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8122; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
1.1 This test method is an index test to determine the mass
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
per unit area of geohazard nettings. The mass per unit area is
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
a characteristic of a geohazard netting that contributes to its
of these test methods to consider significant digits used in
ability to stabilize and control the movement of loose rocks.
analysis methods for engineering data.
There are many different types of geohazard nettings which
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
necessitates a single standard by which all geohazard nettings
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
may be measured.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
nonconformance with this standard.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the
gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to com-
2. Referenced Documents
bine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravita-
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
tional system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the
Fluids
slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales
3
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1.2.2 The terms density and unit weight are often used
D4230 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with Cooled-
interchangeably. Density is mass per unit volume, whereas,
Surface Condensation (Dew-Point) Hygrometer
unit weight is force per unit volume. In this standard, density
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
isgivenonlyinSIunits.Afterthedensityhasbeendetermined,
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
the unit weight is calculated in SI or inch-pound units, or both.
Construction Materials Testing
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits and Data Re-
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
cords in Geotechnical Data
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
1.3.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
3. Terminology
recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the
3.1 Definitions:
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in this
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
2
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Sediment Control Technology. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition
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