ASTM D3934-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus
Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method ensures that before the flash test is run the air/vapor space above the specimen has attained a saturation concentration of vapor by using standard closed cups under equilibrium conditions. The saturation concentration of the vapors will be attained at some temperature between that of the liquid and the cooler apparatus lid. However, this temperature will be close to the temperature of the specimen after it has been maintained at the specified temperature for at least a 10-min period. This test method does not provide for the determination of the actual flash point but only whether a specimen does or does not flash at a specified temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a liquid complies with the closed-cup flash point requirements in government regulations, or in specifications, or as agreed between the purchaser and the seller.
1.2 This test method is limited to a temperature range between 0 and 110°C (32 and 230°F).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and EPA’s website, http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm, for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3934 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup
1
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3934; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
ASTM Flash Point Test Methods D56, D93, D3278, and D3941 are specified by government
departments and agencies for determining whether liquids are flammable or combustible. These
classifications are used as the basis for regulating the handling and shipping of liquids.
ISO/TC35,PaintsandVarnishes,andISO/TC28,PetroleumandRelatedProducts,haveissuedISO
1516 as a common standard, applicable to paints, varnishes, petroleum, and related products. This
method is similar to ISO 1516 but uses standard ASTM cups and style and format. Test Methods
D3278 and D3828 operate on the equilibrium principle by using the Setaflash tester that has a
temperature-control device.
This test method does not determine the finite flash point but whether or not flashing occurs at a
single specified temperature. The latter determination is made more accurate by ensuring that the test
is carried out only when the material under test and the air/vapor mixture above it are in approximate
equilibrium at the specified temperature.
1. Scope* aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing prod-
ucts into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a
1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe
liquid complies with the closed-cup flash point requirements in
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
government regulations, or in specifications, or as agreed
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
between the purchaser and the seller.
should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or
1.2 This test method is limited to a temperature range
fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
between 0 and 110°C (32 and 230°F).
conditions. However, results of this test may be used as
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only hazard of a particular end use.
and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regu-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
latory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury
2. Referenced Documents
containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Sheet (SDS) for details and EPA’s website, http://www.epa.gov/
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
mercury/faq.htm, for additional information. Users should be
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Closed Cup Tester
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
2
ASTM Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2014. Published January 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3934 – 90 (2007). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D3934-14. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3934 − 14
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small 6.2 Liquid Bath, capable of being adjusted to the required
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus specificationtemperatureandofadequateheatcapacitytomeet
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed the requirements of the test. A bath fitted with a stirrer and
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3934 − 90 (Reapproved 2007) D3934 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup
1
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3934; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
ASTM Flash Point Test Methods D56, D93, D3278, and D3941 are specified by government
departments and agencies for determining whether liquids are flammable or combustible. These
classifications are used as the basis for regulating the handling and shipping of liquids.
ISO/TC 35, Paints and Varnishes, and ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and Related Products, have issued ISO
1516 as a common standard, applicable to paints, varnishes, petroleum, and related products. This
method is similar to ISO 1516 but uses standard ASTM cups and style and format. Test Methods
D3278 and D3828 operate on the equilibrium principle by using the Setaflash tester that has a
temperature-control device.
This test method does not determine the finite flash point but whether or not flashing occurs at a
single specified temperature. The latter determination is made more accurate by ensuring that the test
is carried out only when the material under test and the air/vapor mixture above it are in approximate
equilibrium at the specified temperature.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a liquid complies with the closed-cup flash point requirements in
government regulations, or in specifications, or as agreed between the purchaser and the seller.
1.2 This test method is limited to a temperature range between 0 and 110°C (32 and 230°F).
1.3 The values stated in SIinch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for
details and EPA’s website, http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm, for additional information. Users should be aware that selling
mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to
heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk
of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire
risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular
end use.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of ASTM
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved June 1, 2007Dec. 15, 2014. Published June 2007January 2015. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
D3934 – 90 (2001).(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D3934-90R07.10.1520/D3934-14.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3934 − 14
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester
D3941 Test
...
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