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ASTM D3934-90(2007)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test-Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus

Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test-Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method ensures that before the flash test is run the air/vapor space above the specimen has attained a saturation concentration of vapor by using standard closed cups under equilibrium conditions. The saturation concentration of the vapors will be attained at some temperature between that of the liquid and the cooler apparatus lid. However, this temperature will be close to the temperature of the specimen after it has been maintained at the specified temperature for at least a 10-min period. This test method does not provide for the determination of the actual flash point but only whether a specimen does or does not flash at a specified temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a liquid complies with the closed-cup flash point requirements in government regulations, or in specifications, or as agreed between the purchaser and the seller.
1.2 This test method is limited to a temperature range between 0 and 110°C (32 and 230°F).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2007
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3934-90(2001) - Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D3934-14 - Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus
Effective Date
15-Dec-2014
Referred By
ASTM E502-21a - Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007

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ASTM D3934-90(2007) - Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test-Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup ApparatusASTM D3934-90(2007) - Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test-Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus
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ASTM D3934-90(2007) - Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test-Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3934 − 90 (Reapproved2007)
Standard Test Method for
Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3934; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
ASTM Flash Point Test Methods D56, D93, D3278, and D3941 are specified by government
departments and agencies for determining whether liquids are flammable or combustible. These
classifications are used as the basis for regulating the handling and shipping of liquids.
ISO/TC35,PaintsandVarnishes,andISO/TC28,PetroleumandRelatedProducts,haveissuedISO
1516 as a common standard, applicable to paints, varnishes, petroleum, and related products. This
method is similar to ISO 1516 but uses standard ASTM cups and style and format. Test Methods
D3278 and D3828 operate on the equilibrium principle by using the Setaflash tester that has a
temperature-control device.
This test method does not determine the finite flash point but whether or not flashing occurs at a
single specified temperature. The latter determination is made more accurate by ensuring that the test
is carried out only when the material under test and the air/vapor mixture above it are in approximate
equilibrium at the specified temperature.
1. Scope of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire
hazard of a particular end use.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
liquid complies with the closed-cup flash point requirements in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
government regulations, or in specifications, or as agreed
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
between the purchaser and the seller.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 This test method is limited to a temperature range
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
between 0 and 110°C (32 and 230°F).
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
2.1 ASTM Standards:
only.
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe
Closed Cup Tester
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
Cup Tester
conditions. However, results of this test may be used as
D3941 Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium
elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all
Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
ASTM Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D3934 – 90 (2001). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D3934-90R07. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3934 − 90 (2007)
NOTE3—Thethermometersforthewaterbathshouldbemountedinthe
2.2 ISO Standard:
bath at the correct level of immersion for which they are specified in
ISO 1516 Paints, varnishes, petroleum, and related
Specification E1.
products—Flash/no-flash test—Closed cup equilibrium
6.4 Support, for holding the test cup in the liquid bath so
method
that the cover and upper edge are horizontal and the cup is
3. Terminology
immersed in direct contact with the liquid in such a position
that the level of the specimen in the cup is the same as that of
3.1 Definitions:
the liquid in the water bath.
3.1.1 flash point, n—the lowest temperature corrected to a
pressure of 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) (1013 millibars) at which
6.5 Shield—Athree-sided shield open in the front, each side
application of an ignition source causes the vapor of the
18 in. (460 mm) wide and 24 in. (610 mm) high, is recom-
specimen to ignite under specified conditions of test.
mended.
4. Summary of Test Method
7. Reagents and Materials
4.1 Aspecimen in a closed cup of standard design is heated
7.1 Water or a 1 + 1 Mixture of Water and Ethylene Glycol
in a suitable liquid bath. After the specimen has been main-
may be used as the bath liquid.
tained under equilibrium conditions for at least 10 min at the
lowest allowable flash point temperature (within a permitted
8. Preparation of Sample
tolerance) of the specification or regulation, it is determined
8.1 Obtain a representative sample of the product under test
whether the specimen does or does not flash.
and keep it in an airtight container.
5. Significance and Use
8.2 Becauseofthepossibilityoflossofvolatiles,thesample
5.1 This test method ensures that before the flash test is run
shall receive only the minimum treatment to assure uniformity.
the air/vapor space above the specimen has attained a satura-
After removal of the specimen, immediately close the sample
tion concentration of vapor by using standard closed cups
container tightly to ensure that no volatile flammable compo-
under equilibrium conditions. The saturation concentration of
nents escape from the container (otherwise a new sample may
the vapors will be attained at some temperature between that of
be necessary if further testing is required).
the liquid and the cooler apparatus lid. However, this tempera-
8.3 Do not open containers unnecessarily. Do not make
turewillbeclosetothetemperatureofthespecimenafterithas
transfers unless the sample temperature is at least 10°C (20°F)
been maintained at the specified temperature for at least a
below the flash point.
10-min period. This test method does not provide for the
8.4 Discard samples in leaky containers.
determination of the actual flash point but only whether a
specimen does or does not flash at a specified temperature.
8.5 Do not store samples in plastic (polyethylene, polypro-
pylene, etc.), since volatile material ma
...

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