ASTM F2270-12(2018)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Construction and Maintenance of Warning Track Areas on Athletic Fields
Standard Guide for Construction and Maintenance of Warning Track Areas on Athletic Fields
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Warning tracks are playing surfaces located on the margins of the playing area for the purpose of providing a warning to the player that he or she is approaching a hazard (commonly a fence) or out-of-bounds area. In order to provide for an effective warning track surface, the warning track must be constructed and maintained in such a manner so that the player can sense the change in texture from the regular playing surface and the warning track without having to look. This feature is very important in that the player is often visually focused on the ball during play and would not be looking at the ground as he/she is running toward the warning track. The warning track must also be constructed and maintained in such a manner that the warning track itself, or the surface transition, does not pose a hazard to the players.
4.2 The warning track areas of sports fields should provide a uniform surface with good footing. The change in surface texture of the warning track from the surrounding playing surface must be of enough contrast such that the player can sense the change without looking. Most often, warning track surfaces are devoid of turf or other vegetation. However, turfed warning track areas may be used in instances where such purpose is to “warn” the player of an impending hazard where the primary playing surface is a skinned area. This may be the case in softball where the entire infield playing surface is a skinned area and a turfed warning track is used along the first base and third base fencelines. Undulations, rough surface, hard or soft surface, weeds, stones, debris, wets spots, etc. detract from a good, safe warning track. The safety and effectiveness of the warning track is largely affected by construction and maintenance procedures and this guide addresses those procedures.
4.2.1 During construction, consideration should be given to factors such as the physical and chemical properties of materials used in the area, freedom from stones, sticks...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers techniques that are appropriate for the construction and maintenance of warning track areas on sports fields. This guide provides guidance for the selection of materials, such as soil and sand for use in constructing or reconditioning warning track areas and for selection of management practices that will maintain a safe and functioning warning track. Although this guide has applications to all sports where a warning track surface may be required or desired, it has specific applications to baseball/softball.
1.2 This guide does not address synthetic warning tracks such as rubberized surfaces, artificial turf, or paved surfaces.
1.3 Decisions in selecting construction and maintenance techniques are influenced by local soil types, climatic factors, level of play, budget, and training/ability of management personnel.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2270 − 12 (Reapproved 2018) An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Construction and Maintenance of Warning Track Areas on
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Athletic Fields
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 This guide covers techniques that are appropriate for the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
construction and maintenance of warning track areas on sports F1815 Test Methods for Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity,
fields. This guide provides guidance for the selection of Water Retention, Porosity, and Bulk Density of Athletic
materials, such as soil and sand for use in constructing or Field Rootzones
reconditioning warning track areas and for selection of man- F2651 Terminology Relating to Soil and Turfgrass Charac-
agement practices that will maintain a safe and functioning teristics of Natural Playing Surfaces
warning track. Although this guide has applications to all
3. Terminology
sports where a warning track surface may be required or
desired, it has specific applications to baseball/softball.
3.1 Definitions—Except as noted, soil- and turfgrass-related
definitions are in accordance with Terminology F2651.
1.2 This guide does not address synthetic warning tracks
such as rubberized surfaces, artificial turf, or paved surfaces.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 aggregate material—a soil-like or earthy material
1.3 Decisions in selecting construction and maintenance
without appreciable soil structural properties such that an
techniques are influenced by local soil types, climatic factors,
aggregate material is essentially granular or single-grained in
level of play, budget, and training/ability of management
nature.
personnel.
3.2.2 warning track—a section of a sports field area typi-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
cally devoid of vegetation, that provides a change in surface
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
texture such that an athlete can sense without looking the
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
proximity to a hazard such as a fence, post, or wall.
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
4. Significance and Use
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
4.1 Warning tracks are playing surfaces located on the
establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental prac-
margins of the playing area for the purpose of providing a
tices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
warning to the player that he or she is approaching a hazard
prior to use.
(commonly a fence) or out-of-bounds area. In order to provide
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
for an effective warning track surface, the warning track must
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
be constructed and maintained in such a manner so that the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
player can sense the change in texture from the regular playing
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
surface and the warning track without having to look. This
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
feature is very important in that the player is often visually
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
focused on the ball during play and would not be looking at the
ground as he/she is running toward the warning track. The
warning track must also be constructed and maintained in such
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
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Subcommittee F08.64 on Natural Playing Surfaces. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2270 – 12. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F2270-12R18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F2270 − 12 (2018)
a manner that the warning track itself, o
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