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ASTM D5304-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Assessing Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure

Standard Test Method for Assessing Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for assessing the potential storage stability of middle distillate fuels such as Grade No. 1D and Grade No. 2D diesel fuels, in accordance with Specification D 975.
1.2 This test method is applicable to either freshly refined fuels or fuels already in storage.
1.3 This test method is suitable for fuels containing stabilizer additives as well as fuels containing no such additives.
1.4 Appendix X1 provides information on other suggested test times and temperatures for which this test method may be used.
1.5 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only and are only approximate equivalents.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see 4.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.4, 10.1, and 10.2.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2002
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.14 - Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5304-00 - Standard Test Method for Assessing Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D5304-02a - Standard Test Method for Assessing Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4054-23 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel Additives
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM D975-23 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM D6469-20 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002

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ASTM D5304-02 - Standard Test Method for Assessing Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen OverpressureASTM D5304-02 - Standard Test Method for Assessing Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure
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ASTM D5304-02 - Standard Test Method for Assessing Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation: D 5304 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Assessing Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen
1
Overpressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
4
1. Scope E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for assessing the
3. Terminology
potential storage stability of middle distillate fuels such as
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Grade No. 1D and Grade No. 2D diesel fuels, in accordance
3.1.1 membrane filter, n—a thin medium of closely con-
with Specification D 975.
trolled pore size through which a liquid is passed and on which
1.2 This test method is applicable to either freshly refined
particulate matter in suspension is retained.
fuels or fuels already in storage.
3.1.2 oxygen overpressure—partial pressures of oxygen
1.3 This test method is suitable for fuels containing stabi-
higher than that of air at atmospheric pressure.
lizer additives as well as fuels containing no such additives.
3.1.3 potential storage stability—the tendency of a fuel to
1.4 Appendix X1 provides information on other suggested
form insolubles under the conditions of this test method.
test times and temperatures for which this test method may be
3.1.4 reactor—any vessel capable of sustaining pressures
used.
and temperatures above ambient, sometimes designated pres-
1.5 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
sure vessel or bomb.
The values given in parentheses are for information only and
3.1.5 weighing assembly—a set of two filters and two
are only approximate equivalents.
aluminum weighing dishes used to determine total insolubles
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
for each sample or blank.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 A 100 mL aliquot of filtered fuel is placed in a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
borosilicate glass container. The container is placed in a
precautionary statements see 4.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.4, 10.1, and 10.2.
pressure vessel which has been preheated to 90°C. The
pressure vessel is pressurized with oxygen to 800 kPa (abso-
2. Referenced Documents
lute) (100 psig) for the duration of the test. The pressure vessel
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is placed in a forced air oven at 90°C for 16 h. (Warning—
D 525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline
2 Observe all normal precautions while using oxygen under
(Induction Period Method)
2 pressure and at high temperatures in the presence of combus-
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
tible liquids. Appropriate shielding should be used for any
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
3 containers under pressure. Pressurize and depressurize the
Petroleum Products
containers slowly using appropriate personnel shielding. Never
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
3 attempt to open the pressure vessel while it is pressurized. All
Petroleum Products
fuel and solvent handling should be done in an appropriate
D 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
3 fume hood only.) After aging and cooling, the total amount of
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
fuel insoluble products is determined gravimetrically and
D 4625 Test Method for Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at
3 corrected according to blank determinations.
43°C (110°F)
5. Significance and Use
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
5.1 The results of this test method are useful in ranking a
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
specific fuel sample against other specific fuel samples or
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
standards with or without stabilizer additives when tested
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally
published as D 5304–92. Last previous edition D 5304–00.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
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1.3 For petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures of bromine number less than 1.0, a more precise measure for bromine-reactive constituents can be obtained by using Test Method D2710. If the bromine number is less than 0.5, then Test Method D2710 or the comparable bromine index methods for industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, Test Methods D1492 or D5776 must be used in accordance with their respective scopes. The practice of using a factor of 1000 to convert bromine number to bromine index is not applicable for these lower values of bromine number.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
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5.1 The boiling range distribution of light and medium petroleum distillate fractions provides an insight into the composition of feed stocks and products related to petroleum refining process, This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 This test method extends the scope of boiling range determination by gas chromatography to include light and medium petroleum distillate fractions beyond the scope of Test Method D2887 (538 °C) and below Test Method D6352 (700 °C).  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. This test method is applicable to petroleum distillates having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
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5.1 Heat capacities obtained by this method are those at atmospheric pressure. However, because the temperature range is low, the calculated values are similar to saturated liquid heat capacities in the temperature-pressure range required for most engineering design.
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1.1 This test method covers the calculation of liquid heat capacity, Btu/lb · °F (kJ/kg · K), at atmospheric pressure, of petroleum fuels for which distillation data may be obtained in accordance with Test Method D86 without reaching a decomposition point prior to obtaining 90 % by volume distilled.  
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Standard Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing Laboratories

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5.1 The solvent extractables in a wax may have significant effects on several of its properties such as strength, hardness, flexibility, scuff resistance, coefficient of friction, coefficient of expansion, melting point, and staining characteristics. Whether these effects are desirable or undesirable depends on the intended use of the wax.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of solvent extractables in petroleum waxes.  
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1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 2: Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with 1/8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, 1/2 in., 1/4 in., and 1/8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature.  
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ASTM D7152-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products

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5.1 Predicting the viscosity of a blend of components is a common problem. Both the Wright Blending Method and the ASTM Blending Method, described in this practice, may be used to solve this problem.  
5.2 The inverse problem, predicating the required blend fractions of components to meet a specified viscosity at a given temperature may also be solved using either the Inverse Wright Blending Method or the Inverse ASTM Blending Method.  
5.3 The Wright Blending Methods are generally preferred since they have a firmer basis in theory, and are more accurate. The Wright Blending Methods require component viscosities to be known at two temperatures. The ASTM Blending Methods are mathematically simpler and may be used when viscosities are known at a single temperature.  
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5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
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ASTM D2887-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
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1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
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1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
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