ASTM D4062-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down Method
Standard Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Leveling can affect the hiding and appearance of applied architectural coatings, the presence of brushmarks and surface irregularities being more conspicuous with gloss and semi-gloss finishes than with flat finishes. Instrumental evaluations of leveling by this test method have been shown to correlate with those made by brush application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the relative leveling of water and solvent-reducible architectural paints in white and light tints by comparing the ridges produced in a draw-down film to a series of plastic leveling standards.
1.2 Unpigmented, texture, and deep-tint coatings cannot be readily evaluated with the shadowing produced by oblique lighting employed in this test method. Such coatings may be rated by comparing them with the plastic standards at various angles of reflection. For this purpose ordinary room lighting is satisfactory.
1.3 Since other factors may influence the tendency of liquid paints to sag, this test method is not intended to measure sagging.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4062 − 11
StandardTest Method for
1
Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4062; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope designed to lay down a film with parallel ridges simulating
2 brush marks. After allowing the completed draw-down to dry
1.1 Thistestmethod coversthelaboratorydeterminationof
in a horizontal position, leveling of the test paint is rated by
the relative leveling of water and solvent-reducible architec-
viewing the draw-down under a strong, oblique light source
tural paints in white and light tints by comparing the ridges
and comparing the contrast of lightness and shadow caused by
produced in a draw-down film to a series of plastic leveling
the paint ridges to that of a series of plastic leveling standards
standards.
under the same lighting conditions.
1.2 Unpigmented, texture, and deep-tint coatings cannot be
readily evaluated with the shadowing produced by oblique
4. Significance and Use
lighting employed in this test method. Such coatings may be
4.1 Leveling can affect the hiding and appearance of
rated by comparing them with the plastic standards at various
applied architectural coatings, the presence of brushmarks and
angles of reflection. For this purpose ordinary room lighting is
surface irregularities being more conspicuous with gloss and
satisfactory.
semi-gloss finishes than with flat finishes. Instrumental evalu-
1.3 Since other factors may influence the tendency of liquid
ations of leveling by this test method have been shown to
paints to sag, this test method is not intended to measure
correlate with those made by brush application.
sagging.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5. Apparatus
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3, 4
5.1 Leveling Test Blade —A grooved draw-down blade
only.
designed to lay down a wet film with parallel ridges (see Fig.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5
5.2 Draw-Down Plate, with two parallel, smooth-faced
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
straightedges to guide the blade during film application and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ensure that the ridges are straight.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.3 Syringe and Needle—A 10-mL LuerLok syringe and
2. Terminology
1
38-mm (1 ⁄2-in.) No. 15 gage needle for placing a fixed amount
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
of the paint in front of the blade while simultaneously
2.1.1 leveling, n—of a paint, a measure of its ability to flow
preshearing it (as during brushing) prior to drawing-down.
out after application so as to obliterate any surface irregulari-
Either glass or disposable plastic syringes may be used with
ties such as brush marks, orange peel, peaks, or craters that
water-reducible paints. Glass syringes only may be used with
have been produced by the mechanical process of application.
solvent-reducible paints due to swelling of disposable syringes
by the solvent.
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The material to be tested is presheared and then applied
to a sealed chart by means of a special leveling test blade
3
The Leneta Company, 15 Whitney Road, Mahwah, NJ 07430, is the sole
manufacturer of the leveling test blade. This blade, the drawn-down plate, chart,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint light source, and levelness standards are all manufactured solely by the Leneta Co.,
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of and can be obtained from Leneta and most scientific supply houses.
4
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings. The Leneta LevelingTest Blade used in this test method is a modification of the
Current edition approved April 15, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally threaded draw-down bar described in an article by Dodge, J. S. “Quantitative
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4062 – 99 (2003). Measures of Leveling,” Journal of Paint Technology, Vol 44, No. 564, January
DOI: 10.1520/D4062-11. 1972.
5
2
This test method was essentially developed by the Leneta Company as outlined A suitable draw-down plate may be constructed from the description given in
in Leneta Catalog No. 3, pp. 26–7 (1976). 5.2 of this test method.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4062–99(Reapproved2003) Designation:D4062–11
Standard Test Method for
1
Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4062; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the relative leveling of water and solvent-reducible architectural
paints in white and light tints by comparing the ridges produced in a draw-down film to a series of plastic leveling standards.
1.2 Unpigmented, texture, and deep-tint coatings cannot be readily evaluated with the shadowing produced by oblique lighting
employed in this test method. Such coatings may be rated by comparing them with the plastic standards at various angles of
reflection. For this purpose ordinary room lighting is satisfactory.
1.3 Since other factors may influence the tendency of liquid paints to sag, this test method is not intended to measure sagging.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1.1 levelingleveling, n—of a paint, a measure of its ability to flow out after application so as to obliterate any surface
irregularities such as brush marks, orange peel, peaks, or craters that have been produced by the mechanical process of application.
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The material to be tested is presheared and then applied to a sealed chart by means of a special leveling test blade designed
to lay down a film with parallel ridges simulating brush marks. After allowing the completed draw-down to dry in a horizontal
position, leveling of the test paint is rated by viewing the draw-down under a strong, oblique light source and comparing the
contrast of lightness and shadow caused by the paint ridges to that of a series of plastic leveling standards under the same lighting
conditions.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Leveling can affect the hiding and appearance of applied architectural coatings, the presence of brushmarks and surface
irregularitiesbeingmoreconspicuouswithglossandsemi-glossfinishesthanwithflatfinishes.Instrumentalevaluationsofleveling
by this test method have been shown to correlate with those made by brush application.
5. Apparatus
,
3 4
5.1 Leveling Test Blade —A grooved draw-down blade designed to lay down a wet film with parallel ridges (see Fig. 1).
5
5.2 Draw-Down Plate, with two parallel, smooth-faced straightedges to guide the blade during film application and ensure that
the ridges are straight.
1
5.3 Syringe and Needle—A10-mLLuerLok syringe and 38-mm (1 ⁄2-in.) No. 15 gage needle for placing a fixed amount of the
paint in front of the blade while simultaneously preshearing it (as during brushing) prior to drawing-down. Either glass or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D4062–99. DOI:
10.1520/D4062-99R03.
Current edition approved April 15, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4062 – 99 (2003). DOI:
10.1520/D4062-11.
2
This test method was essentially developed by the Leneta Company as outlined in Leneta Catalog No. 3, pp. 26–7 (1976).
3
The Leneta Company, 15 Whitney Road, Mahwah, NJ 07430, is the sole manufacturer of the leveling test blade. This blade, the drawn-down plate, chart, light source,
and levelness standards are all manufactured solely by the Leneta Co., and can be obtained from Leneta and most scientific supply houses.
4
The Leneta Leveling Test Blade used in this test method is a modification of the threaded draw-down bar described in an article by Dodge, J. S. “Quantitative Measures
of Leveling,” Journal of Paint Technology, Vol
...
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