ASTM E956-83(2005)
(Classification)Standard Classification for Municipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)
Standard Classification for Municipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This classification is intended for use in the marketing of mixed nonferrous metals.
Mixed nonferrous metals covered by this classification are suitable for use by one or more of the following industries:
4.2.1 Secondary aluminum smelters,
4.2.2 Primary aluminum producers,
4.2.3 Scrap dealers and processors,
4.2.4 Zinc refiners, and
4.2.5 Copper refiners.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrous metals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered from municipal waste destined for disposal.
1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been sub-divided according to processing history, nonferrous metal content, size, and moisture content.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This test method describes procedures for collection of a sample of MNM scrap recovered from municipal refuse, and the preparation and secondary sampling of the metal for analysis.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E956 – 83 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Classification for
Municipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrous 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
metals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered from 3.1.1 loose combustible material (organic)—loose combus-
municipal waste destined for disposal. tible organics (LCO) that consist of, but are not limited to,
1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been sub- nonmetallic materials such as paper, rags, plastic, rubber,
divided according to processing history, nonferrous metal wood,foodwastes,andyardorlawnwastes,etc.,whicharenot
content, size, and moisture content. permanently attached to noncombustible objects. The LCOs
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded are defined as material larger than No. 12 Mesh (U.S. Standard
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for Sieve) as stated in Specification E11.Adetermination of LCOs
information only. is best done by sampling the material and handpicking,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the handcleaning, and visually identifying the materials described
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the previously.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1.2 mixed nonferrous metal content—mixed nonferrous
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- metals remaining after removal of magnetics, combustibles,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. and other nonmetals (for example, glass, rock, etc.). Further
methods of separation and identification may be agreed upon
2. Referenced Documents
between purchaser and seller and can include picking or
2.1 ASTM Standards: dense-media separation.
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
3.1.3 moisture percent—liquid content, as determined by
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest weight loss when sample material is dried to a constant weight
Sieves
at 110° 6 5°C.
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
3.1.4 total combustibles—materials that include paints, lac-
With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic quers, coatings, plastics, etc., associated with the original
of a Lot or Process
nonferrous products, as well as combustible materials (paper,
E276 Test Method for Particle Size or Screen Analysis at plastic, textile, etc.) which become associated with the nonfer-
No. 4 (4.75-mm) Sieve and Finer for Metal-Bearing Ores
rous product after it is manufactured.
and Related Materials
4. Significance and Use
E753 Specification for Municipal Aluminum Scrap (MAS)
(Discontinued 2001) 4.1 Thisclassificationisintendedforuseinthemarketingof
mixed nonferrous metals.
4.2 Mixed nonferrous metals covered by this classification
are suitable for use by one or more of the following industries:
This classification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D34 on Waste
4.2.1 Secondary aluminum smelters,
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 onTreatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
4.2.2 Primary aluminum producers,
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originally
4.2.3 Scrap dealers and processors,
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E956-83(1999). DOI:
4.2.4 Zinc refiners, and
10.1520/E0956-83R05.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4.2.5 Copper refiners.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5. Basis of Classification (refer to Table 1)
the ASTM website.
5.1 This classification covers material, either processed to
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org. recover aluminum or not processed to recover aluminum.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E956 – 83 (2005)
TABLE 1 Classification of Municipal Mixed Nonferrous Metals
7. Physical Requirements
A
(MNM)
7.1 In addition to Table 1, the MNM physical requirements
Type I Type II Type III Type IV
include the following:
Classification Over 90 % 50 to 90 % 30 to 50 % Less Than
MNM MNM MNM 30 % MNM 7.1.1 Bulk Density—The density for MNM is not specified
Grades 1 2 3
and shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
over 6 in. (150 2to6in.(50to150 under 2 in. (50
7.1.2 Fineness—Acceptability of contained fines shall be
mm) mm) incl mm)
Class A B determined by the purchaser and seller.
high (5 % moisture low (under 5 %
7.1.3 Loose Combustibles—As agreed upon between pur-
and over) moisture)
chaser and seller.
A
It is important for both purchaser and seller to note whether material had been
7.1.4 Magnetics—The presence of free magnetic material is
processed to recover aluminum or whether it had not been processed to recover
not specified and shall be as agreed upon between the pur-
aluminum and what, if any, procedures where used.
chaser and seller as part of the purchase contract.
5.2 ThisclassificationconsistsoffourtypesofMNM,based
on nonferrous metal content. The four types of MNM are 8. Sampling
further subdivided into three grades, based on size. The three
8.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with the procedures
grades of MNM are further subdivided into two classes, based
described inAnnexA1 orAnnexA2. Either procedure may be
on moisture content.
used, as determined by agreement between the purchaser and
the seller.
6. Ordering Information
8.1.1 Annex A1 covers sampling at the point of origin.
6.1 Mixed nonferrous metals may be identified using the
8.1.2 Annex A2 covers sampling at the point of receipt.
criteria in Table 1. This is an unusual material, and the table is
included for information purposes rather than to establish
9. Test Methods
limits. The unit operations used to recover MNM may aid the
9.1 Determine the properties of fineness, moisture, and
purchaser and seller in establishing a classification. Some of
metal recovery in accordance with the procedures described in
the more common unit operations used to recover MNM
Annex A3.
include the following:
6.1.1 Wet Processing—water elutriators, dense media, and
10. Rejection and Rehearing
mineral jig.
10.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of
6.1.2 Dry Processing—air classifier, air knife, gravity or
this classification may be rejected. Rejection should be re-
concentrating table, Humphrey Spiral, eddy-current separator,
ported to the seller promptly and in writing. In case of
electrostatic separator, and handpicking.
dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the seller may make
6.2 It is recognized that variations in the MNM may occur
claim for a rehearing.
due to the heterogeneous nature of the solid waste stream. The
criteria indicated are intended as a means for the purchaser and
11. Shipping
the seller to establish the value and quality of the MNM.
6.3 Mixed nonferrous metals shall be considered to be of a 11.1 Mixed nonferrous metals shall be shipped in rail cars,
particular classification if the value for each component speci- trailers, or other containers as agreed upon between the
fied, as obtained by the test method agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. The shipping equipment shall be
purchaser and seller, shall not exceed any of the limits for that sufficiently water-tight to prevent the MNM from becoming
grade. wet during shipment.
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. TEST METHOD FOR COLLECTION OFA SAMPLE OF MNM SCRAP RECOVERED FROM
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND ITS PREPARATION FOR ANALYSIS
A1.1 Scope Sample increments are taken at timed intervals from a full
cross section of the conveyor while it is stopped, or by briefly
A1.1.1 This test method describes procedures for collection
taking the total flow at the discharge of the conveyor while it
of a sample of MNM scrap recovered from municipal refuse,
is moving.
and the preparation and secondary sampling of the metal for
analysis.
A1.2.2 Thequantityofgrosssamplemaybefurtherreduced
by mixing, cone-and-quarter sampling, and riffling.
A1.2 Summary of Test Method
A1.2.1 A selected size, gross sample of MNM scrap, is
taken from the metal recovery system conveyor in increments.
E956 – 83 (2005)
A1.3 General Precautions ments be withdrawn from the full cross-section of the stream.
The best possible increment is either a full cross section
A1.3.1 In solids sampling, each step must be designed to
removed from a stopped conveyor belt or the total flow at the
eliminate accidental classification by size or gravity. Different
discharge of the moving conveyor taken during a suitable
sizes usually have different analyses.
interval of time.
A1.3.2 The increments obtained during the sampling period
shall be protected from changes in composition due to expo- A1.5.2 The choice of sample size can be estimated using
sure to the weather. Practice E122. It is imperative for a given degree of precision
A1.3.3 Plan the sampling arrangement to avoid contamina- that not less than the minimum size and number of sample
tion of the increments with foreign material. increments be collected from a lot (see Table A1.1).
A1.3.4 A satisfactory sampling arrangement is one that
A1.5.3 Number of Gross Samples—For quantities up to
takes an unbiased sample at the desired degree of precision of
approxima
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