ASTM E956-83(2010)

Standard Classification for Municipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This classification is intended for use in the marketing of mixed nonferrous metals.
Mixed nonferrous metals covered by this classification are suitable for use by one or more of the following industries:
Secondary aluminum smelters,
Primary aluminum producers,
Scrap dealers and processors,
Zinc refiners, and
Copper refiners.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrous metals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered from municipal waste destined for disposal.
1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been sub-
divided according to processing history, nonferrous metal content, size, and moisture content.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
A1.1.1 This test method describes procedures for collection of a sample of MNM scrap recovered from municipal refuse, and the preparation and secondary sampling of the metal for analysis.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2009
• ICS: 13.030.10 - Solid wastes
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E956-83(2005) - Standard Classification for Municipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E956 −83(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Classification for
Municipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrous
metals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered from 3.1.1 loose combustible material (organic)—loose combus-
tible organics (LCO) that consist of, but are not limited to,
municipal waste destined for disposal.
nonmetallic materials such as paper, rags, plastic, rubber,
1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been sub-
wood,foodwastes,andyardorlawnwastes,etc.,whicharenot
divided according to processing history, nonferrous metal
permanently attached to noncombustible objects. The LCOs
content, size, and moisture content.
are defined as material larger than No. 12 Mesh (U.S. Standard
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Sieve) as stated in Specification E11.Adetermination of LCOs
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical is best done by sampling the material and handpicking,
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only handcleaning, and visually identifying the materials described
and are not considered standard. previously.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.2 mixed nonferrous metal content—mixed nonferrous
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the metals remaining after removal of magnetics, combustibles,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- and other nonmetals (for example, glass, rock, etc.). Further
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- methods of separation and identification may be agreed upon
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. between purchaser and seller and can include picking or
dense-media separation.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3 moisture percent—liquid content, as determined by
weight loss when sample material is dried to a constant weight
2.1 ASTM Standards:
at 110° 6 5°C.
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
3.1.4 total combustibles—materials that include paints,
Sieves
lacquers, coatings, plastics, etc., associated with the original
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
nonferrous products, as well as combustible materials (paper,
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
plastic, textile, etc.) which become associated with the nonfer-
Lot or Process
rous product after it is manufactured.
E276 TestMethodforParticleSizeorScreenAnalysisatNo.
4 (4.75-mm) Sieve and Finer for Metal-Bearing Ores and
4. Significance and Use
Related Materials
4.1 Thisclassificationisintendedforuseinthemarketingof
E753 Specification for Municipal Aluminum Scrap (MAS)
3 mixed nonferrous metals.
(Discontinued 2001) (Withdrawn 2001)
4.2 Mixed nonferrous metals covered by this classification
are suitable for use by one or more of the following industries:
1 4.2.1 Secondary aluminum smelters,
This classification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
4.2.2 Primary aluminum producers,
Recovery and Reuse.
4.2.3 Scrap dealers and processors,
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published January 2010. Originally
4.2.4 Zinc refiners, and
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E956-83(2005). DOI:
10.1520/E0956-83R10.
4.2.5 Copper refiners.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5. Basis of Classification (refer to Table 1)
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
5.1 This classification covers material, either processed to
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. recover aluminum or not processed to recover aluminum.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E956−83 (2010)
TABLE 1 Classification of Municipal Mixed Nonferrous Metals
7. Physical Requirements
A
(MNM)
7.1 In addition to Table 1, the MNM physical requirements
Type I Type II Type III Type IV
Classification Over 90 % 50 to 90 % 30 to 50 % Less Than include the following:
MNM MNM MNM 30 % MNM
7.1.1 Bulk Density—The density for MNM is not specified
Grades 1 2 3
and shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
over 6 in. (150 2to6in.(50to150 under 2 in. (50
mm) mm) incl mm)
7.1.2 Fineness—Acceptability of contained fines shall be
Class A B
determined by the purchaser and seller.
high (5 % moisture low (under 5 %
and over) moisture) 7.1.3 Loose Combustibles—As agreed upon between pur-
A
chaser and seller.
It is important for both purchaser and seller to note whether material had been
processed to recover aluminum or whether it had not been processed to recover
7.1.4 Magnetics—The presence of free magnetic material is
aluminum and what, if any, procedures where used.
not specified and shall be as agreed upon between the pur-
chaser and seller as part of the purchase contract.
5.2 ThisclassificationconsistsoffourtypesofMNM,based
8. Sampling
on nonferrous metal content. The four types of MNM are
further subdivided into three grades, based on size. The three
8.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with the procedures
grades of MNM are further subdivided into two classes, based
described in AnnexA1 or AnnexA2. Either procedure may be
on moisture content.
used, as determined by agreement between the purchaser and
the seller.
6. Ordering Information
8.1.1 Annex A1 covers sampling at the point of origin.
6.1 Mixed nonferrous metals may be identified using the
8.1.2 Annex A2 covers sampling at the point of receipt.
criteria in Table 1. This is an unusual material, and the table is
included for information purposes rather than to establish
9. Test Methods
limits. The unit operations used to recover MNM may aid the
9.1 Determine the properties of fineness, moisture, and
purchaser and seller in establishing a classification. Some of
metal recovery in accordance with the procedures described in
the more common unit operations used to recover MNM
Annex A3.
include the following:
6.1.1 Wet Processing—water elutriators, dense media, and
10. Rejection and Rehearing
mineral jig.
6.1.2 Dry Processing—air classifier, air knife, gravity or
10.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of
concentrating table, Humphrey Spiral, eddy-current separator,
this classification may be rejected. Rejection should be re-
electrostatic separator, and handpicking.
ported to the seller promptly and in writing. In case of
dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the seller may make
6.2 It is recognized that variations in the MNM may occur
claim for a rehearing.
due to the heterogeneous nature of the solid waste stream. The
criteria indicated are intended as a means for the purchaser and
11. Shipping
the seller to establish the value and quality of the MNM.
6.3 Mixed nonferrous metals shall be considered to be of a 11.1 Mixed nonferrous metals shall be shipped in rail cars,
particular classification if the value for each component trailers, or other containers as agreed upon between the
specified, as obtained by the test method agreed upon between purchaser and the seller. The shipping equipment shall be
the purchaser and seller, shall not exceed any of the limits for sufficiently water-tight to prevent the MNM from becoming
that grade. wet during shipment.
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. TEST METHOD FOR COLLECTION OF A SAMPLE OF MNM SCRAP RECOVERED FROM
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND ITS PREPARATION FOR ANALYSIS
E956−83 (2010)
A1.1. Scope concerning possible variation is available. This information
should be gathered with practice. Due to the heterogeneity in
A1.1.1 This test method describes procedures for collection
size and type of material comprising municipal solid waste, the
of a sample of MNM scrap recovered from municipal refuse,
choice of a large sample is desirable.
and the preparation and secondary sampling of the metal for
analysis. A1.4.2 Shredding is recommended for metals larger than 4
to 6 in. (100 to 150 mm) for ease in sampling and handling.
A1.2. Summary of Test Method
A1.5 Taking A Gross Sample
A1.2.1 A selected size, gross sample of MNM scrap, is
A1.5.1 In order to obtain complete representation of mate-
taken from the metal recovery system conveyor in increments.
rials in a gross sample, it is desirable that the sample incre-
Sample increments are taken at timed intervals from a full
ments be withdrawn from the full cross-section of the stream.
cross section of the conveyor while it is stopped, or by briefly
The best possible increment is either a full cross section
taking the total flow at the discharge of the conveyor while it
removed from a stopped conveyor belt or the total flow at the
is moving.
discharge of the moving conveyor taken during a suitable
A1.2.2 Thequantityofgrosssamplemaybefurtherreduced
interval of time.
by mixing, cone-and-quarter sampling, and riffling.
A1.5.2 The choice of sample size can be estimated using
A1.3. General Precautions
Practice E122. It is imperative for a given degree of precision
that not less than the minimum size and number of sample
A1.3.1 In solids sampling, each step must be designed to
increments be collected from a lot (see Table A1.1).
eliminate accidental classification by si
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