ASTM D2425-19

Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F) i is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.  
5.2 A test method to determine total cycloparafins and low level aromatic content is necessary to meet specifications for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14  (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.  
Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jan-2019
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.04.0M - Mass Spectrometry

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2425 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2425; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a
D1319Test Method for HydrocarbonTypes in Liquid Petro-
boiling range of 160°C to 343°C (320°F to 650°F), 5% to
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
95% by volume as determined byTest Method D86. Samples
D2549Test Method for Separation of Representative Aro-
with average carbon number value of paraffins between C
12
matics and Nonaromatics Fractions of High-Boiling Oils
and C and containing paraffins from C and C can be
16 10 18
by Elution Chromatography
analyzed.This test method is intended for use with full boiling
D6300Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include:
Lubricants
paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed
D6379Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydro-
dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes,
carbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum
indans or tetralins, or both, C H (indenes, etc.),
n 2n-10
Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography
naphthalenes, C H (acenaphthenes, etc.),
n 2n-14
Method with Refractive Index Detection
C H (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.
n 2n-16
NOTE 1—This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrody-
3. Terminology
namics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters
3.1 Definitions:
for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.
3.1.1 conventional hydrocarbons, n—hydrocarbons derived
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
fromthefollowingconventionalsources:crudeoil,naturalgas
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
liquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil, and oil sands.
provided for informationonlyandarenotconsideredstandard.
3.1.2 synthesized hydrocarbons, n—hydrocarbons derived
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
fromalternativesourcessuchascoal,naturalgas,biomass,and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
hydrogenated fats and oils by processes such as gasification,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and hydroprocessing.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.
4.1 Samples are separated into saturate and aromatic frac-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
tions by liquid chromatography, and each fraction is analyzed
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
by mass spectrometry.The analysis is based on the summation
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ofcharacteristicmassfragmentstodeterminetheconcentration
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
of hydrocarbon types.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.2 The summation of characteristic mass fragments are
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
defined as follows:
+
∑71 (paraffins)=total peak height of m/e 71 + 85.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.04.0M on Mass Spectroscopy. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2019. Published February 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D2425–17. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2425-19. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2425 − 19
∑67 (mono or noncondensed polycycloparaffins, or 5. Si
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2425 − 17 D2425 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2425; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in
virgin middle distillates 204 °C to 343 °C (400 °F to 650 °F) boiling range, conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have
a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with
average carbon number value of paraffins between C and C and containing paraffins from C and C can be analyzed. This
12 16 10 18
test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content. Eleven hydrocarbon types
are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins,
alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, C H (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, C H (acenaphthenes, etc.),
n 2n-10 n 2n-14
C H (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.
n 2n-16
NOTE 1—This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users
with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 10.111.1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D2549 Test Method for Separation of Representative Aromatics and Nonaromatics Fractions of High-Boiling Oils by Elution
Chromatography
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum Distillates—High
Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection
3. Terminology
3.1 The summation of characteristic mass fragments are defined as follows:
+
∑71 (paraffins) = total peak height of m/e 71 + 85.
+
∑67 (mono or noncondensed polycycloparaffins, or both) = total peak height of m/e 67 + 68 + 69 + 81 + 82 + 83 + 96 + 97.
+
∑123 (condensed dicycloparaffins) = total peak height of m/e 123 + 124 + 137 + 138 + ··· etc. up to 249 + 250.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0M on Mass Spectroscopy.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017Jan. 15, 2019. Published November 2017February 2019. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20092017
as D2425 – 04 (2009).D2425 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D2425-17.10.1520/D2425-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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