D02.04.0M - Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of the middle distillates, including the biodiesel blends is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties. The total aromatics content and polycyclic aromatics content are also important to evaluate the quality of diesel fuels/biodiesel blends. It requires an appropriate analytical method to make such determinations for diesel fuel/biodiesel blends production process and quality control.  
5.2 This test method provides a comprehensive analytical strategy for the determination of the total aromatics contents, polycyclic aromatics contents and the detail hydrocarbon composition of diesel fuel/biodiesel blends to ensure compliance with certain specifications or regulations.  
5.3 Test Method D2425 is applicable to the determination of the detailed hydrocarbon composition in middle distillates, however, the pre-separation procedure of elution chromatography is time-consuming and not eco-friendly. By combining with the separation procedures described in Test Method D8144, the dual column GC-MS system proposed in this method can determine the total aromatic hydrocarbon contents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents and detailed hydrocarbon composition of diesel fuel/biodiesel blends simultaneously. The content of FAME in biodiesel blends can also be determined by GC. It is demonstrated to be time-saving and eco-friendly for the quality control of diesel fuel and biodiesel blends.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the hydrocarbon types present in middle distillates 170 °C to 365 °C boiling range, 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86, including biodiesel blends with up to 20 % by volume of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The detailed hydrocarbon composition, total aromatic hydrocarbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents can be determined. The hydrocarbon types include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14 (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics. The content of FAME in biodiesel blends can also be determined by GC.  
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.  
5.2 A test method to determine total cycloparafins and low level aromatic content is necessary to meet specifications for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14  (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.  
Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments of FAME compounds are not defined in the procedure.
Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, sometimes found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false, elevated cycloparaffin content.
Note 2: “No significant olefin content” for this method means D1319.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test methods to determine benzene and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet fuel regulations.  
5.2 This test method can be used for gasolines that contain oxygenates (alcohols and ethers) as additives. It has been determined that the common oxygenates found in finished gasoline do not interfere with the analysis of benzene and other aromatics by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination in volume percent of benzene, toluene, other specified individual aromatic compounds, and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline, including gasolines containing oxygenated blending components, by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Precision is calculated for benzene, toluene and total aromatics.  
1.2 This test method has been evaluated using a D6300-compliant Interlaboratory Study (ILS), with the lowest and highest ILS sample averages listed as follows: benzene, 0.09 % to 4.00 %; toluene, 1.0 % to 13.0 %; and total (C6 to C12) aromatics, 10.0 % to 42.0 %. The ILS study did not test the method for individual hydrocarbon process streams produced in a refinery, such as reformates, fluid catalytic cracked naphthas, and so forth, used in the blending of gasolines.  
1.3 Results are reported to the nearest 0.01 % for benzene and 0.1 % for the other aromatics by liquid volume. The Report Section (14) describes the applicable reporting ranges of this test method.  
1.4 This test method includes a between test method bias section for spark-ignition engine fuel benzene reporting based on Practice D6708 assessment between Test Method D5769 and Test Method D3606 as a possible Test Method D5769 alternative to Test Method D3606. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for blended fuels with benzene results concentration range from 0.05 % to 2.50 % by volume as measured and reported by Test Method D5769.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the composition of refinery gases is useful in diagnosing the source of plant upsets, in determining the suitability of certain gas streams for use as fuel, or as feedstocks for polymerization and alkylation, and for monitoring the quality of commercial gases.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative analysis of gases containing specific combinations of the following components: hydrogen; hydrocarbons with up to six carbon atoms per molecule; carbon monoxide; carbon dioxide; mercaptans with one or two carbon atoms per molecule; hydrogen sulfide; and air (nitrogen, oxygen, and argon). This test method cannot be used for the determination of constituents present in amounts less than 0.1 mole %. Dimethylbutanes are assumed absent unless specifically sought.
Note 1: Although experimental procedures described herein are uniform, calculation procedures vary with application. The following influences guide the selection of a particular calculation: qualitative mixture composition; minimum error due to components presumed absent; minimum cross interference between known components; maximum sensitivity to known components; low frequency and complexity of calibration; and type of computing machinery.
Because of these influences, a tabulation of calculation procedures recommended for stated applications is presented in Section 12 (Table 1).    
Serial No. . . . . . . . . . .  
7  
8  
9  
10  
11  
12  
13  
Name or Application  
Commercial
Propane  
Commercial
Butane  
BB Stream
(Cracked
Butanes)  
Dry Gas
Cracked
Fuel Gas  
Mixed Iso
and Normal
Butanes  
Reformer
Make-Up
Gas  
Unstabi-
lized Fuel
Gas  
Component  
O  
P  
M  
O  
P  
M  
OC  
PC  
M  
O  
P  
M  
O  
P  
M  
O  
P  
M  
OC  
PC  
M  
Hydrogen  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
15  
2  
M  
...  
...  
...  
10  
2  
M  
16  
2  
M  
Methane  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
14  
16  
M  
...  
...  
...  
9  
16  
M  
15  
16  
M  
EthyleneE  
7  
26  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
12  
26  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
13  
26  
M  
Ethane  
6  
30  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
11  
30  
M  
...  
...  
...  
7  
30  
M  
12  
30  
M  
Propene  
5  
42  
M  
7  
42  
M  
6  
42  
M  
10  
42  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
8  
42  
M  
Propane  
3  
44  
M  
4  
44  
M  
4  
44  
M  
7  
44  
M  
3  
44  
M  
5  
44  
M  
6  
44  
M  
Butadiene  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
1  
54  
M  
3  
54  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
2  
54  
M  
Butene-1  
1  
56  
M  
1  
56  
M  
7  
41  
M  
1  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
9  
41  
M  
Butene-2  
1  
56  
M  
1  
56  
M  
8  
56  
M  
1  
56  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
10  
56  
M  
Isobutene  
1F  
F  
M  
1  
F  
F  
9  
39  
M  
1  
F  
...  
4  
43  
M  
...  
...  
...  
11  
39  
M  
Isobutane  
4  
43  
M  
5  
43  
M  
5  
43  
M  
8  
43  
M  
1  
58  
M  
6  
43  
M  
7  
43  
M  
n-Butane  
2  
58  
M  
2  
58  
M  
2  
58  
M  
4  
58  
M  
...  
...  
...  
2  
58  
M  
3  
58  
M  
Pentenes  
...  
...  
...  
6  
70  
M  
G  
70  
U  
9  
70  
M  
...  
...  
...  
3  
57  
M  
...  
70  
U  
Isopentane  
...  
...  
...  
3  
57  
M  
3  
57  
M  
5  
57  
M  
2  
57  
M  
4  
72  
M  
4  
57  
M  
n-Pentane  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
6  
72  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
5  
72  
M  
Benzene  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method allows the quantitation of chemical species at low levels in marine fuel oils and cutter stocks. A great many types and concentrations of chemical species are found in marine fuel oils. A root cause relationship between the presence of such species or their concentration in fuels and any failure modes allegedly induced by the use of these fuels has not been established. This test method is necessary to establish test conditions required for future ISO 8217:2010 as defined in section 5.5 and Annex B item (d). Additional compounds may be determined by using the same conditions and by selecting required mass spectral selected ions, accordingly.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of a variety of chemical species in marine fuel oil (bunker fuel oil) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. By using the same conditions and by selecting required mass spectral selected ions, the test method may be used for the determination of other species than those for which precision statements and limits of detection have been established.  
1.2 An example list of chemical species for which a limit of quantification has been determined by means of this test method is given in Table 1.  
1.3 Other refinery hydrocarbon fractions and their mixtures may be tested using the same test method conditions. However, the precision of this test method reflects the compounds in Table 1.  
1.4 Results are reported to the nearest 1.0 mg/kg.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—Non-SI values are given for psig.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.  
5.2 A test method to determine total cycloparafins and low level aromatic content is necessary to meet specifications for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14  (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.  
Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments of FAME compounds are not defined in the procedure.
Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, sometimes found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false, elevated cycloparaffin content.
Note 2: “No significant olefin content” for this method means D1319.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test methods to determine benzene and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet fuel regulations.  
5.2 This test method can be used for gasolines that contain oxygenates (alcohols and ethers) as additives. It has been determined that the common oxygenates found in finished gasoline do not interfere with the analysis of benzene and other aromatics by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene, toluene, other specified individual aromatic compounds, and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline, including gasolines containing oxygenated blending components, by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).  
1.2 This test method has been tested for the following concentration ranges, in liquid volume percent, for the following aromatics: benzene, 0.1 % to 4 %; toluene, 1 % to 13 %; and total (C6 to C12) aromatics, 10 % to 42 %. The round-robin study did not test the method for individual hydrocarbon process streams in a refinery, such as reformates, fluid catalytic cracked naphthas, and so forth, used in the blending of gasolines.  
1.3 Results are reported to the nearest 0.01 % for benzene and 0.1 % for the other aromatics by liquid volume.  
1.4 This test method includes a relative bias section for EPA spark-ignition engine fuel benzene regulations reporting based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D5769 and Test Method D3606 as a possible Test Method D5769 alternative to Test Method D3606. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for blended fuels in the benzene concentration range from 0.0 % to 2.50 % by volume as measured by Test Method D5769. The applicable Test Method D3606 range for benzene is from 0.0 % to 2.47 % by volume as reported by Test Method D3606.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of the middle distillates, including the biodiesel blends is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties. The total aromatics content and polycyclic aromatics content are also important to evaluate the quality of diesel fuels/biodiesel blends. It requires an appropriate analytical method to make such determinations for diesel fuel/biodiesel blends production process and quality control.  
5.2 This test method provides a comprehensive analytical strategy for the determination of the total aromatics contents, polycyclic aromatics contents and the detail hydrocarbon composition of diesel fuel/biodiesel blends to ensure compliance with certain specifications or regulations.  
5.3 Test Method D2425 is applicable to the determination of the detailed hydrocarbon composition in middle distillates, however, the pre-separation procedure of elution chromatography is time-consuming and not eco-friendly. By combining with the separation procedures described in Test Method D8144, the dual column GC-MS system proposed in this method can determine the total aromatic hydrocarbon contents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents and detailed hydrocarbon composition of diesel fuel/biodiesel blends simultaneously. The content of FAME in biodiesel blends can also be determined by GC. It is demonstrated to be time-saving and eco-friendly for the quality control of diesel fuel and biodiesel blends.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the hydrocarbon types present in middle distillates 170 °C to 365 °C boiling range, 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86, including biodiesel blends with up to 20 % by volume of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The detailed hydrocarbon composition, total aromatic hydrocarbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents can be determined. The hydrocarbon types include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14 (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics. The content of FAME in biodiesel blends can also be determined by GC.  
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F) i is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.  
5.2 A test method to determine total cycloparafins and low level aromatic content is necessary to meet specifications for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14  (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.  
Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 400 °F to 650 °F (204 °C to 343 °C) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in virgin middle distillates 204 °C to 343 °C (400 °F to 650 °F) boiling range, 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14  (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.  
Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method allows the quantitation of chemical species at low levels in marine fuel oils and cutter stocks. A great many types and concentrations of chemical species are found in marine fuel oils. A root cause relationship between the presence of such species or their concentration in fuels and any failure modes allegedly induced by the use of these fuels has not been established. This test method is necessary to establish test conditions required for future ISO 8217:2010 as defined in section 5.5 and Annex B item (d). Additional compounds may be determined by using the same conditions and by selecting required mass spectral selected ions, accordingly.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of a variety of chemical species in marine fuel oil (bunker fuel oil) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. By using the same conditions and by selecting required mass spectral selected ions, the test method may be used for the determination of other species than those for which precision statements and limits of detection have been established.  
1.2 An example list of chemical species for which a limit of quantification has been determined by means of this test method is given in Table 1.  
1.3 Other refinery hydrocarbon fractions and their mixtures may be tested using the same test method conditions. However, the precision of this test method reflects the compounds in Table 1.  
1.4 Results are reported to the nearest 1.0 mg/kg.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method allows the quantitation of chemical species at low levels in marine fuel oils and cutter stocks. A great many types and concentrations of chemical species are found in marine fuel oils. A root cause relationship between the presence of such species or their concentration in fuels and any failure modes allegedly induced by the use of these fuels has not been established. This test method is necessary to establish test conditions required for future ISO 8217:2010 as defined in section 5.5 and Annex B item (d). Additional compounds may be determined by using the same conditions and by selecting required mass spectral selected ions, accordingly.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of a variety of chemical species in marine fuel oil (bunker fuel oil) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. By using the same conditions and by selecting required mass spectral selected ions, the test method may be used for the determination of other species than those for which precision statements and limits of detection have been established.  
1.2 An example list of chemical species for which a limit of quantification has been determined by means of this test method is given in Table 1.  
1.3 Other refinery hydrocarbon fractions and their mixtures may be tested using the same test method conditions. However, the precision of this test method reflects the compounds in Table 1.  
1.4 Results are reported to the nearest 1.0 mg/kg.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test methods to determine benzene and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet fuel regulations.  
5.2 This test method can be used for gasolines that contain oxygenates (alcohols and ethers) as additives. It has been determined that the common oxygenates found in finished gasoline do not interfere with the analysis of benzene and other aromatics by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene, toluene, other specified individual aromatic compounds, and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline, including gasolines containing oxygenated blending components, by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).  
1.2 This test method has been tested for the following concentration ranges, in liquid volume percent, for the following aromatics: benzene, 0.1 % to 4 %; toluene, 1 % to 13 %; and total (C6 to C12) aromatics, 10 % to 42 %. The round-robin study did not test the method for individual hydrocarbon process streams in a refinery, such as reformates, fluid catalytic cracked naphthas, and so forth, used in the blending of gasolines.  
1.3 Results are reported to the nearest 0.01 % for benzene and 0.1 % for the other aromatics by liquid volume.  
1.4 This test method includes a relative bias section for EPA spark-ignition engine fuel benzene regulations reporting based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D5769 and Test Method D3606 as a possible Test Method D5769 alternative to Test Method D3606. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for blended fuels in the benzene concentration range from 0.0 % to 2.50 % by volume as measured by Test Method D5769. The applicable Test Method D3606 range for benzene is from 0.0 % to 2.47 % by volume as reported by Test Method D3606.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test methods to determine benzene and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet fuel regulations.  
5.2 This test method can be used for gasolines that contain oxygenates (alcohols and ethers) as additives. It has been determined that the common oxygenates found in finished gasoline do not interfere with the analysis of benzene and other aromatics by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene, toluene, other specified individual aromatic compounds, and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline, including gasolines containing oxygenated blending components, by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).  
1.2 This test method has been tested for the following concentration ranges, in liquid volume percent, for the following aromatics: benzene, 0.1 % to 4 %; toluene, 1 % to 13 %; and total (C6 to C12) aromatics, 10 % to 42 %. The round-robin study did not test the method for individual hydrocarbon process streams in a refinery, such as reformates, fluid catalytic cracked naphthas, and so forth, used in the blending of gasolines.  
1.3 Results are reported to the nearest 0.01 % for benzene and 0.1 % for the other aromatics by liquid volume.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the composition of refinery gases is useful in diagnosing the source of plant upsets, in determining the suitability of certain gas streams for use as fuel, or as feedstocks for polymerization and alkylation, and for monitoring the quality of commercial gases.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative analysis of gases containing specific combinations of the following components: hydrogen; hydrocarbons with up to six carbon atoms per molecule; carbon monoxide; carbon dioxide; mercaptans with one or two carbon atoms per molecule; hydrogen sulfide; and air (nitrogen, oxygen, and argon). This test method cannot be used for the determination of constituents present in amounts less than 0.1 mole %. Dimethylbutanes are assumed absent unless specifically sought.
Note 1: Although experimental procedures described herein are uniform, calculation procedures vary with application. The following influences guide the selection of a particular calculation: qualitative mixture composition; minimum error due to components presumed absent; minimum cross interference between known components; maximum sensitivity to known components; low frequency and complexity of calibration; and type of computing machinery.
Because of these influences, a tabulation of calculation procedures recommended for stated applications is presented in Section 12 (Table 1).    
Serial No. . . . . . . . . . .  
7  
8  
9  
10  
11  
12  
13  
Name or Application  
Commercial
Propane  
Commercial
Butane  
BB Stream
(Cracked
Butanes)  
Dry Gas
Cracked
Fuel Gas  
Mixed Iso
and Normal
Butanes  
Reformer
Make-Up
Gas  
Unstabi-
lized Fuel
Gas  
Component  
O  
P  
M  
O  
P  
M  
OC  
PC  
M  
O  
P  
M  
O  
P  
M  
O  
P  
M  
OC  
PC  
M  
Hydrogen  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
15  
2  
M  
...  
...  
...  
10  
2  
M  
16  
2  
M  
Methane  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
14  
16  
M  
...  
...  
...  
9  
16  
M  
15  
16  
M  
EthyleneE  
7  
26  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
12  
26  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
13  
26  
M  
Ethane  
6  
30  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
11  
30  
M  
...  
...  
...  
7  
30  
M  
12  
30  
M  
Propene  
5  
42  
M  
7  
42  
M  
6  
42  
M  
10  
42  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
8  
42  
M  
Propane  
3  
44  
M  
4  
44  
M  
4  
44  
M  
7  
44  
M  
3  
44  
M  
5  
44  
M  
6  
44  
M  
Butadiene  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
1  
54  
M  
3  
54  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
2  
54  
M  
Butene-1  
1  
56  
M  
1  
56  
M  
7  
41  
M  
1  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
9  
41  
M  
Butene-2  
1  
56  
M  
1  
56  
M  
8  
56  
M  
1  
56  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
10  
56  
M  
Isobutene  
1F  
F  
M  
1  
F  
F  
9  
39  
M  
1  
F  
...  
4  
43  
M  
...  
...  
...  
11  
39  
M  
Isobutane  
4  
43  
M  
5  
43  
M  
5  
43  
M  
8  
43  
M  
1  
58  
M  
6  
43  
M  
7  
43  
M  
n-Butane  
2  
58  
M  
2  
58  
M  
2  
58  
M  
4  
58  
M  
...  
...  
...  
2  
58  
M  
3  
58  
M  
Pentenes  
...  
...  
...  
6  
70  
M  
G  
70  
U  
9  
70  
M  
...  
...  
...  
3  
57  
M  
...  
70  
U  
Isopentane  
...  
...  
...  
3  
57  
M  
3  
57  
M  
5  
57  
M  
2  
57  
M  
4  
72  
M  
4  
57  
M  
n-Pentane  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
6  
72  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
5  
72  
M  
Benzene  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method allows the quantitation of chemical species at low levels in marine fuel oils and cutter stocks. A great many types and concentrations of chemical species are found in marine fuel oils. A root cause relationship between the presence of such species or their concentration in fuels and any failure modes allegedly induced by the use of these fuels has not been established. This method is necessary to establish test conditions required for future ISO 8217:2010 Petroleum products- Fuels (class F)-Specifications of marine fuel oils as defined in section 5.5 and Annex B item (d). Additional compounds may be determined by using the same conditions and by selecting required mass spectral selected ions, accordingly.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of a variety of chemical species in marine fuel oil (bunker fuel oil) by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. By using the same conditions and by selecting required mass spectral selected ions, the test method may be used for the determination of other species than those for which precision statements and limits of detection have been established.  
1.2 An example list of chemical species for which a limit of quantification has been determined by means of this test method is given in Table 1.TABLE 1 Component Table    
Limit of Quantitation
mg/kg  
n-butyl alcohol  
10  
Cyclohexanol  
10  
n-butyl ether  
10  
n-butyl acylate  
10  
Styrene  
10  
alpha-pinene  
10  
Phenol  
20  
alpha-methyl styrene  
10  
beta-pinene  
10  
4-methyl styrene  
10  
trans-B-methyl styrene  
10  
3-methyl styrene  
10  
2-methyl styrene  
10  
Dicyclopentadiene  
10  
Limonene  
10  
Indene  
20  
1-phenyl ethanol  
20  
para, alpha-Dimethyl styrene  
20  
2,5 dimethyl styrene  
20  
2,4 dimethyl styrene  
20  
2-phenyl ethanol (phenylethanol)  
20  
2-Ethyl Phenol  
50  
2,4 Dimethyl Phenol  
20  
4-Ethyl Phenol (co elutes with 3-ethylphenol)  
20  
2-Phenoxy-1-propanol  
50  
2-Phenoxy ethanol  
50  
4-isopropylphenol  
50  
1-Phenoxy-2-Propanol  
20  
Styrene Glycol  
50
1.3 Other refinery hydrocarbon fractions and their mixtures may be tested using the same test method conditions. However, the precision of this test method reflects the compounds in Table 1.  
1.4 Results are reported to the nearest 1.0 mg/kg.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 205 to 540°C (400 to 1000°F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.
This test method, when used together with Test Method D3239, provides a detailed analysis of the hydrocarbon composition of such materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by high ionizing voltage mass spectrometry of seven saturated hydrocarbon types and one aromatic type in saturate petroleum fractions having average carbon numbers 16 through 32. The saturate types include alkanes (0-rings), single-ring naphthenes, and five fused naphthene types with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 rings. The nonsaturate type is monoaromatic. Noncondensed naphthenes are analyzed as single rings. Samples must be nonolefinic and must contain less than 5 volume % monoaromatic. Composition data are in volume percent.  
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range 205 to 540°C (400 to 1000°F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties. This method, when used together with Test Method D2786, provides a detailed analysis of the hydrocarbon composition of such materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by high ionizing voltage, low resolution mass spectrometry of 18 aromatic hydrocarbon types and 3 aromatic thiophenotypes in straight run aromatic petroleum fractions boiling within the range from 205 to 540°C (400 to 1000°F) (corrected to atmospheric pressure). Samples must be nonolefinic, must contain not more than 1 mass % of total sulfur, and must contain not more than 5 % nonaromatic hydrocarbons. Composition data are in volume percent.
Note 1—Although names are given to 15 of the compound types determined, the presence of other compound types of the same empirical formulae is not excluded. All other compound types in the sample, unidentified by name or empirical formula, are lumped into six groups in accordance with their respective homologous series.  
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of gasoline process streams, blending stocks and finished motor fuels is useful in following the effect of changes in plant operating conditions, diagnosing process upsets, blending finished products and in evaluating the relationship between composition and performance properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by mass spectrometry of the total paraffins, monocycloparaffins, dicycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins or both, and naphthalenes in gasoline having an olefin content of less than 3 volume % and a 95 % distillation point of less than 210°C (411°F) as determined in accordance with Test Method D86. Olefins are determined by Test Method D1319, or by Test Method D875.
1.2 It has not been determined whether this test method is applicable to gasoline containing oxygenated compounds (for example, alcohols and ethers).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Test methods to determine benzene and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet fuel regulations.
This test method can be used for gasolines that contain oxygenates (alcohols and ethers) as additives. It has been determined that the common oxygenates found in finished gasoline do not interfere with the analysis of benzene and other aromatics by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene, toluene, other specified individual aromatic compounds, and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline, including gasolines containing oxygenated blending components, by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
1.2 This test method has been tested for the following concentration ranges, in liquid volume percent, for the following aromatics: benzene, 0.1 to 4 %; toluene, 1 to 13 %; and total (C6 to C12) aromatics, 10 to 42 %. The round-robin study did not test the method for individual hydrocarbon process streams in a refinery, such as reformates, fluid catalytic cracked naphthas, and so forth, used in the blending of gasolines.
1.3 Results are reported to the nearest 0.01 % for benzene and 0.1 % for the other aromatics by liquid volume.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A knowledge of the composition of refinery gases is useful in diagnosing the source of plant upsets, in determining the suitability of certain gas streams for use as fuel, or as feedstocks for polymerization and alkylation, and for monitoring the quality of commercial gases.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative analysis of gases containing specific combinations of the following components: hydrogen; hydrocarbons with up to six carbon atoms per molecule; carbon monoxide; carbon dioxide; mercaptans with one or two carbon atoms per molecule; hydrogen sulfide; and air (nitrogen, oxygen, and argon). This test method cannot be used for the determination of constituents present in amounts less than 0.1 mole %. Dimethylbutanes are assumed absent unless specifically sought. Note 1Although experimental procedures described herein are uniform, calculation procedures vary with application. The following influences guide the selection of a particular calculation: qualitative mixture composition; minimum error due to components presumed absent; minimum cross interference between known components; maximum sensitivity to known components; low frequency and complexity of calibration; and type of computing machinery.
Because of these influences, a tabulation of calculation procedures recommended for stated applications is presented in Section ().Note 2
This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Users of other instruments may have to modify operating parameters and the calibration procedure.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 400 to 650°F (204 to 343°C) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in virgin middle distillates 204 to 343°C (400 to 650°F) boiling range, 5 to 95 volume % as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14 (acenaphthenes, etc.),
CnH2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.
Note 1—This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 10.1.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range 205 to 540°C (400 to 1000°F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties. This method, when used together with Test Method D 2786, provides a detailed analysis of the hydrocarbon composition of such materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by high ionizing voltage, low resolution mass spectrometry of 18 aromatic hydrocarbon types and 3 aromatic thiophenotypes in straight run aromatic petroleum fractions boiling within the range from 205 to 540°C (400 to 1000°F) (corrected to atmospheric pressure). Samples must be nonolefinic, must contain not more than 1 mass % of total sulfur, and must contain not more than 5 % nonaromatic hydrocarbons. Composition data are in volume percent.
Note 1—Although names are given to 15 of the compound types determined, the presence of other compound types of the same empirical formulae is not excluded. All other compound types in the sample, unidentified by name or empirical formula, are lumped into six groups in accordance with their respective homologous series.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 205 to 540°C (400 to 1000°F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.
This test method, when used together with Test Method D 3239, provides a detailed analysis of the hydrocarbon composition of such materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by high ionizing voltage mass spectrometry of seven saturated hydrocarbon types and one aromatic type in saturate petroleum fractions having average carbon numbers 16 through 32. The saturate types include alkanes (0-rings), single-ring naphthenes, and five fused naphthene types with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 rings. The nonsaturate type is monoaromatic. Noncondensed naphthenes are analyzed as single rings. Samples must be nonolefinic and must contain less than 5 volume % monoaromatic. Composition data are in volume percent.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of gasoline process streams, blending stocks and finished motor fuels is useful in following the effect of changes in plant operating conditions, diagnosing process upsets, blending finished products and in evaluating the relationship between composition and performance properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by mass spectrometry of the total paraffins, monocycloparaffins, dicycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins or both, and naphthalenes in gasoline having an olefin content of less than 3 volume % and a 95 % distillation point of less than 210C (411F) as determined in accordance with Test Method D 86. Olefins are determined by Test Method D 1319, or by Test Method D 875.
1.2 It has not been determined whether this test method is applicable to gasoline containing oxygenated compounds (for example, alcohols and ethers).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 400 to 650°F (204 to 343°C) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in virgin middle distillates 204 to 343C (400 to 650F) boiling range, 5 to 95 volume % as determined by Test Method D 86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C 18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH2n-10(indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, C nH2n-14(acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH2n-16(acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics. Note 1This test method was developed on consolidated Electro-dynamics Corp. Type 103 Mass Spectrometers.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see .

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A knowledge of the composition of refinery gases is useful in diagnosing the source of plant upsets, in determining the suitability of certain gas streams for use as fuel, or as feedstocks for polymerization and alkylation, and for monitoring the quality of commercial gases.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative analysis of gases containing specific combinations of the following components: hydrogen; hydrocarbons with up to six carbon atoms per molecule; carbon monoxide; carbon dioxide; mercaptans with one or two carbon atoms per molecule; hydrogen sulfide; and air (nitrogen, oxygen, and argon). This test method cannot be used for the determination of constituents present in amounts less than 0.1 mole %. Dimethylbutanes are assumed absent unless specifically sought. Note 1Although experimental procedures described herein are uniform, calculation procedures vary with application. The following influences guide the selection of a particular calculation: qualitative mixture composition; minimum error due to components presumed absent; minimum cross interference between known components; maximum sensitivity to known components; low frequency and complexity of calibration; and type of computing machinery.
Because of these influences, a tabulation of calculation procedures recommended for stated applications is presented in Section ().Note 2
This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Users of other instruments may have to modify operating parameters and the calibration procedure.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Test methods to determine benzene and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet fuel regulations.
This test method can be used for gasolines that contain oxygenates (alcohols and ethers) as additives. It has been determined that the common oxygenates found in finished gasoline do not interfere with the analysis of benzene and other aromatics by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene, toluene, other specified individual aromatic compounds, and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline, including gasolines containing oxygenated blending components, by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
1.2 This test method has been tested for the following concentration ranges, in liquid volume percent, for the following aromatics: benzene, 0.1 to 4 %; toluene, 1 to 13 %; and total (C6 to C12) aromatics, 10 to 42 %. The round-robin study did not test the method for individual hydrocarbon process streams in a refinery, such as reformates, fluid catalytic cracked naphthas, and so forth, used in the blending of gasolines.
1.3 Results are reported to the nearest 0.01 % for benzene and 0.1 % for the other aromatics by liquid volume.
1.4 SI units of measurement are preferred and used throughout this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by mass spectrometry of the total paraffins, monocycloparaffins, dicycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins or both, and naphthalenes in gasoline having an olefin content of less than 3 volume % and a 95% distillation point of less than 210oC (411oF) as determined in accordance with Test Method D86. Olefins are determined by Test Method D1319, or by Test Method D875.
1.2 It has not beeen determined whether this test method is applicable to gasolines containing oxygenated compounds (for example, alcohols and ethers).  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by mass spectrometry of the total paraffins, monocycloparaffins, dicycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins or both, and naphthalenes in gasoline having an olefin content of less than 3 volume % and a 95% distillation point of less than 210oC (411oF) as determined in accordance with Test Method D86. Olefins are determined by Test Method D1319, or by Test Method D875.
1.2 It has not beeen determined whether this test method is applicable to gasolines containing oxygenated compounds (for example, alcohols and ethers).  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative analysis of gases containing specific combinations of the following components: hydrogen; hydrocarbons with up to six carbon atoms per molecule; carbon monoxide; carbon dioxide; mercaptans with one or two carbon atoms per molecule; hydrogen sulfide; and air (nitrogen, oxygen, and argon). This test method cannot be used for the determination of constituents present in amounts less than 0.1 mole%. Dimethylbutanes are assumed absent unless specifically sought. Note 1-Although experimental procedures described herein are uniform, calculation procedures vary with application. The following influences guide the selection of a particular calculation: qualitative mixture composition; minimum error due to components presumed absent; minimum cross interference between known components; maximum sensitivity to known components; low frequency and complexity of calibration; and type of computing machinery. Because of these influences, a tabulation of calculation procedures recommended for stated applications is presented in Section 12 (Table 1). Note 2-This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Users of other instruments may have to modify operating parameters and the calibration procedure.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see Note 6.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in virgin middle distillates 204 to 343°C (400 to 650°F) boiling range, 5 to 95 volume% as determined by Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C 12  and C 16  and containing paraffins from C 10  and C 18  can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include:paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH n- 10  (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH n- 14  (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH n- 16  (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.  Note 1-This test method was developed on consolidated Electrodynamics Corp. Type 103 Mass Spectrometers.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 10.1.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene, toluene, and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline, including reformulated gasoline (RFG) containing oxygenated blending components, by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).  
1.2 This test method is applicable to the following concentration ranges, in liquid volume %, for the following aromatics: benzene, 0.1 to 3%; toluene, 1 to 15%; and total (C6-C12) aromatics, 10 to 40%. The test method has not been tested by ASTM for gasoline samples containing a concentration of uncalibrated C10-C12 aromatic compounds greater than approximately 3 volume %. Also, the test method has not been tested by ASTM for individual hydrocarbon process streams in a refinery, such as reformates, fluid catalytic cracked naphthas, etc., used in blending of gasolines.  
1.3 Results are reported to the nearest 0.01% for benzene and 0.1% for the other aromatics by either mass or liquid volume.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by high ionizing voltage, low resolution mass spectrometry of 18 aromatic hydrocarbon types and 3 aromatic thiophenotypes in straight run aromatic petroleum fractions boiling within the range from 205 to 540°C (400 to 1000°F) (corrected to atmospheric pressure). Samples must be nonolefinic, must contain not more than 1 mass % of total sulfur, and must contain not more than 5 % nonaromatic hydrocarbons. Composition data are in volume percent.
Note 1—Although names are given to 15 of the compound types determined, the presence of other compound types of the same empirical formulae is not excluded. All other compound types in the sample, unidentified by name or empirical formula, are lumped into six groups in accordance with their respective homologous series.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by high ionizing voltage mass spectrometry of seven saturated hydrocarbon types and one aromatic type in saturate petroleum fractions having average carbon numbers 16 through 32. The saturate types include alkanes (0-rings), single-ring naphthenes, and five fused naphthene types with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 rings. The nonsaturate type is monoaromatic. Noncondensed naphthenes are analyzed as single rings. Samples must be nonolefinic and must contain less than 5 volume % monoaromatic. Composition data are in volume percent.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by high ionizing voltage mass spectrometry of seven saturated hydrocarbon types and one aromatic type in saturate petroleum fractions having average carbon numbers 16 through 32. The saturate types include alkanes (0-rings), single-ring naphthenes, and five fused naphthene types with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 rings. The nonsaturate type is monoaromatic. Noncondensed naphthenes are analyzed as single rings. Samples must be nonolefinic and must contain less than 5 volume % monoaromatic. Composition data are in volume percent.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by high ionizing voltage, low resolution mass spectrometry of 18 aromatic hydrocarbon types and 3 aromatic thiophenotypes in straight run aromatic petroleum fractions boiling within the range from 205 to 540°C (400 to 1000°F) (corrected to atmospheric pressure). Samples must be nonolefinic, must contain not more than 1 mass % of total sulfur, and must contain not more than 5 % nonaromatic hydrocarbons. Composition data are in volume percent.
Note 1—Although names are given to 15 of the compound types determined, the presence of other compound types of the same empirical formulae is not excluded. All other compound types in the sample, unidentified by name or empirical formula, are lumped into six groups in accordance with their respective homologous series.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 205 °C to 540 °C (400 °F to 1000 °F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.  
5.2 This test method, when used together with Test Method D3239, provides a detailed analysis of the hydrocarbon composition of such materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination by high ionizing voltage mass spectrometry of seven saturated hydrocarbon types and one aromatic type in saturate petroleum fractions having average carbon numbers 16 through 32. The saturate types include alkanes (0-rings), single-ring naphthenes, and five fused naphthene types with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 rings. The nonsaturate type is monoaromatic. Noncondensed naphthenes are analyzed as single rings. Samples must be nonolefinic and must contain less than 5 volume % monoaromatic. Composition data are in volume percent.  
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the determination by high ionizing voltage mass spectrometry of seven saturated hydrocarbon types and one aromatic type in saturate petroleum fractions having average carbon numbers 16 through 32. The saturate types included alkanes (0-rings), single-ring naphthenes, and five fused naphthene types with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 rings. The nonsaturate type was monoaromatic. Noncondensed naphthenes were analyzed as single rings. Samples must have been nonolefinic and must have contained less than 5 % by volume monoaromatic. Composition data were in volume percent.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn without replacement in March 2023. This test method was created in 1969. Test method has a precision statement but no referenced research report. ASTM archives do not have a research report on file. The Form and Syle Manual requires a research report. The test method was originally developed for specific types of magnetic sector mass spectrometers and published calculations were based on such instrumentation. As a result, there is no easy mechanism to update the test method without method development. In addition, Committee D02 understands that this method may not be performed by many, if any, laboratories. ASTM will continue to provide copies of the test method for those that may need it. Committee D02.04M encourages members to submit potential replacement test method(s), based on newer technologies (e.g. MS-FIMS, GC-FIMS, NOISE, GC/MS etc.) that can be developed into ASTM approved test method(s).

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range 205 °C to 540 °C (400 °F to 1000 °F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties. This method, when used together with Test Method D2786, provides a detailed analysis of the hydrocarbon composition of such materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination by high ionizing voltage, low resolution mass spectrometry of 18 aromatic hydrocarbon types and 3 aromatic thiophenotypes in straight run aromatic petroleum fractions boiling within the range from 205 °C to 540 °C (400 °F to 1000 °F) (corrected to atmospheric pressure). Samples must be nonolefinic, must contain not more than 1 % by mass of total sulfur, and must contain not more than 5 % nonaromatic hydrocarbons. Composition data are in volume percent.  
Note 1: Although names are given to 15 of the compound types determined, the presence of other compound types of the same empirical formulae is not excluded. All other compound types in the sample, unidentified by name or empirical formula, are lumped into six groups in accordance with their respective homologous series.  
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the determination by high ionizing voltage, low resolution mass spectrometry of 18 aromatic hydrocarbon types and 3 aromatic thiophenotypes in straight run aromatic petroleum fractions boiling within the range from 205 °C to 540 °C (400 °F to 1000 °F) (corrected to atmospheric pressure).
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn without replacement in March 2023. This test method was created in 1973 and had a precision statement but no referenced research report. ASTM archives do not have a research report on file; Form and Style Guide requires a research report. The test method was originally developed for specific types of magnetic sector mass spectrometers and published calculations were based on such instrumentation. As a result, there was no easy mechanism to update the test method without method development. In addition, the committee understands that this method may not be performed by many, if any, laboratories. ASTM will continue to provide copies of the test method for those that may need it. Committee D02.04M encourages members to submit potential replacement test method(s) based on newer technologies (e.g. MS-FIMS etc) that can be developed into ASTM approved test method(s).

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of gasoline process streams, blending stocks and finished motor fuels is useful in following the effect of changes in plant operating conditions, diagnosing process upsets, blending finished products and in evaluating the relationship between composition and performance properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by mass spectrometry of the total paraffins, monocycloparaffins, dicycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins or both, and naphthalenes in gasoline having an olefin content of less than 3 % by volume and a 95 % distillation point of less than 210 °C (411 °F) as determined in accordance with Test Method D86. Olefins are determined by Test Method D1319, or by Test Method D875.  
1.2 It has not been determined whether this test method is applicable to gasoline containing oxygenated compounds (for example, alcohols and ethers).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the determination by mass spectrometry of the total paraffins, monocycloparaffins, dicycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins or both, and naphthalenes in gasoline having an olefin content of less than 3 % by volume and a 95 % distillation point of less than 210 °C (411 °F) as determined in accordance with Test Method D86.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn without replacement in March 2023. This test method was created in 1969 and had a precision statement but no referenced research report. ASTM archives do not have a research report on file; Form and Style Guide requires a research report. The test method was originally developed for specific types of magnetic sector mass spectrometers and published calculations were based on such instrumentation. As a result, there was no easy mechanism to update the test method without method development. In addition, the committee understands that this method may not be performed by many, if any, laboratories. There are several test methods (e.g. D5443), although not fully equivalent to D2789, that provide compositional data for such low olefinic streams. ASTM will continue to provide copies of the test method for those that may need it. Committee D02.04M encourages members to submit potential replacement test method(s), based on newer technologies that can be developed into ASTM approved test method(s).