ASTM E563-11
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference Temperature
Standard Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference Temperature
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is adequate for use with other ASTM standards that specify the ice point as a reference. It is also intended to be adequate for most other ice-point reference purposes.
The ice point is a common practical industrial reference point of thermometry. The ice point is relatively simple to realize and provides a readily available natural fixed-point reference temperature.
Use in Resistance Thermometry:
The ice point was a defining fixed point on practical temperature scales prior to 1960.
The ITS-90 defines W(T90) = R(T90)/R(273.16 K), the measured resistance ratio of a Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer (SPRT), in reference to the water triple point, not the ice point (1). In many instances, where the water triple point is not available, or when the accuracy obtainable with the water triple point is not required, reference to a properly established and maintained ice-point reference is used. For industrial-quality resistance thermometers, the resistance value is determined for 0 °C, and an uncertainty that is appropriate for the quality of the ice-point realization is assigned.
Use in Thermoelectric Thermometry:
In thermoelectric thermometry, the ice point is ordinarily used as the reference temperature (2).
Adequate thermoelectric reference requires that thermocouple junctions be well-coupled thermally to the bath, electrically isolated from each other and from the bath, and adequately immersed to avoid perturbing the reference-junction temperatures by radiation and longitudinal conduction of heat along the thermoelements (3 and 4).
Use in Liquid-in-Glass Thermometry:
In liquid-in-glass thermometry, the ice point is ordinarily used as the reference temperature (6).
The periodic recalibration of a liquid-in-glass thermometer at the ice point provides a reliable indication of the effect of gradual relaxation of residual mechanical strains in the glass that have a significant effect on the volume of the bulb (6).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a method of preparing, maintaining, and using a temperature reference bath of a mixture of shaved ice and water, saturated with air at a pressure of 101 325 Pa (1 atm).
1.2 An industrial practice for relating values referenced to the ice point and to the water triple point on the ITS-90 is included.
1.3 Methods to promote uniformity of bath temperature by mechanical stirring or agitation are not described in detail.
1.4 Methods of approximating the ice point, as by thermostatically-controlled refrigeration, are not covered by this practice.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E563 − 11
StandardPractice for
Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference
1
Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E563; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions given in Terminology E344,
1.1 Thispracticecoversamethodofpreparing,maintaining,
unless otherwise defined herein, apply to terms as used in this
and using a temperature reference bath of a mixture of shaved
practice.
ice and water, saturated with air at a pressure of 101325 Pa (1
3.2 TemperaturerelationshipsgiveninGuideE1594,unless
atm).
otherwise defined herein, apply to temperature values as used
1.2 An industrial practice for relating values referenced to
in this practice.
the ice point and to the water triple point on the ITS-90 is
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
included.
3.3.1 ice-point bath, n—physical system containing ice and
1.3 Methods to promote uniformity of bath temperature by water assembled to realize the ice point as a reference
mechanical stirring or agitation are not described in detail. temperature, or to establish a constant temperature near 0°C.
1.4 Methods of approximating the ice point, as by 4. Summary of Practice
thermostatically-controlled refrigeration, are not covered by
4.1 The ice-point bath described by this practice consists of
this practice.
an intimate mixture, without voids, of pure shaved ice or ice
particles and distilled air-saturated water in a thermally insu-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
lating vessel open to the atmosphere.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4.2 The ice bath realization of the ice point physically
approximates, with small uncertainty, a natural fixed-point
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
temperature.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2.1 An ice-point bath prepared by rigorous application of
this practice, using distilled-water ice and air-saturated, chilled
2. Referenced Documents
distilledwater,typicallyhasatemperatureof0.000 60.002°C
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
at a barometric pressure of 101,325 Pa (1 standard atmo-
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
sphere). See 8, Precision and Bias.
E344Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
4.2.2 The ice-point bath is open to the atmosphere. The
etry
solubilityofairinwater,whichaffectsphasechange,isdirectly
E1594Guide for Expression of Temperature
proportional to the atmospheric pressure. The effect of baro-
metric pressure on the pure ice point is−74 nK/Pa (−7.5
mK/atm). With saturated air in solution, the effect is increased
1
toapproximately-0.1µK/Pa(-10mK/atm).Theinitialpressure
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE20onTemperature
Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.07 on Funda- gradient with elevation in the atmosphere is approximately
mentals in Thermometry.
-11.4 Pa/m. Accordingly, the change in the air-saturated ice-
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
pointtemperatureresultingfromanincreaseinelevationabove
approvedin1976.DiscontinuedFebruary1996andreinstatedin1997asE563–97.
sea level is approximately 1.1 mK/km for the first 1000 m
Last previous ediiton approved in 2008 as E563–08. DOI: 10.1520/E0563-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
increase in altitude (0.33 mK per 1000 ft increase in altitude).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.3 The ice-bath temperature can also be measured with an
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. accurately calibrated thermometer or compared to a water
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E563 − 11
triple point cell and the bath temperature reported as the the bath can be enhanced by slowly stirring or agitating the
measured temperature with an uncertainty that is attributed to slush of ice and water either manually or by a powered stirring
the measurement, not to the ice point. means so that all of the ice and water in the bath come into
intimate contact.
5. Significance and Use
6.3 Ice making machines operate below 0°C. Therefore,
5.1 This practice is adequate for use with other ASTM
when excessively large ice particles are used to prepare the
standards that specify the ic
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E563–08 Designation:E563–11
Standard Practice for
Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference
1
Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E563; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers a method of preparing, maintaining, and using a temperature reference bath of a mixture of shaved ice
and water, saturated with air at a pressure of 101325 Pa (1 atm).
1.2 An industrial practice for relating values referenced to the ice point and to the water triple point on the ITS-90 is included.
1.3 Methods to promote uniformity of bath temperature by mechanical stirring or agitation are not described in detail.
1.4 Methods of approximating the ice point, as by thermostatically-controlled refrigeration, are not covered by this practice.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E1594 Guide for Expression of Temperature
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—DefinitionsgiveninTerminologyE344,unlessotherwisedefinedherein,applytotermsasusedinthispractice.
3.2 Temperature relationships given in Guide E1594, unless otherwise defined herein, apply to temperature values as used in
this practice.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3.1 ice-point bath, n—physical system containing ice and water assembled to realize the ice point as a reference temperature,
or to establish a constant temperature near 0°C.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The ice-point bath described by this practice consists of an intimate mixture, without voids, of pure shaved ice or ice
particles and distilled air-saturated water in a thermally insulating vessel open to the atmosphere.
4.2 The ice bath realization of the ice point physically approximates, with small uncertainty, a natural fixed-point temperature.
4.2.1 An ice-point bath prepared by rigorous application of this practice, using distilled-water ice and air-saturated, chilled
distilled water, typically has a temperature of 0.000 6 0.002°C at a barometric pressure of 101,325 Pa (1 standard atmosphere).
See 8, Precision and Bias.
4.2.2The ice-point bath is open to the atmosphere. The solubility of air in water, which affects phase change, is directly
proportional to the atmospheric pressure. The effect of barometric pressure on the ice point is−75 nK/Pa (−7.6 mK/atm).
Accordingly, the change in ice-point temperature resulting from an increase in elevation above sea level is -0.86 mK per 1000 m
increase in altitude (-0.26 mK per 1000 ft increase in altitude). See Table 1.
4.2.2 The ice-point bath is open to the atmosphere. The solubility of air in water, which affects phase change, is directly
proportionaltotheatmosphericpressure.Theeffectofbarometricpressureonthepureicepointis−74nK/Pa(−7.5mK/atm).With
saturated air in solution, the effect is increased to approximately -0.1 µK/Pa (-10 mK/atm). The initial pressure gradient with
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E20 onTemperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.07 on Fundamentals
in Thermometry.
Current edition approved Nov.May 1, 2008.2011. Published December 2008.June 2011. Originally approved in 1976. Discontinued February 1996 and reinstated in 1997
´1
as E563–97. Last previous ediiton approved in 20022008 as E563–02 .E563–08. DOI: 10.1520/E0563-08.10.1520/E0563-11.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E563–11
elevation in the atmosphere is approximately -11.4 Pa/m. Accordingly, the change in the air-saturated ice-point temperature
resulting from an increase in elevation above sea level is approx
...
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