ASTM E563-08
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference Temperature
Standard Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference Temperature
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is adequate for use with other ASTM standards that specify the ice point as a reference. It is also intended to be adequate for most other ice-point reference purposes.
The ice point is a common practical industrial reference point of thermometry. The ice point is relatively simple to realize and provides a readily available natural fixed-point reference temperature.
Use in Resistance Thermometry:
The ice point was a defining fixed point on practical temperature scales prior to 1960.
The ITS-90 defines W(T90) = R(T90)/R(273.16 K), the measured resistance ratio of a Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer (SPRT), in reference to the water triple point, not the ice point (1). In many instances, where the water triple point is not available, or when the accuracy obtainable with the water triple point is not required, reference to a properly established and maintained ice-point reference is used. For industrial-quality resistance thermometers, the resistance value is determined for 0 °C, and an uncertainty that is appropriate for the quality of the ice-point realization is assigned.
Use in Thermoelectric Thermometry:
In thermoelectric thermometry, the ice point is ordinarily used as the reference temperature (2).
Adequate thermoelectric reference requires that thermocouple junctions be well-coupled thermally to the bath, electrically isolated from each other and from the bath, and adequately immersed to avoid perturbing the reference-junction temperatures by radiation and longitudinal conduction of heat along the thermoelements (3 and 4).
Use in Liquid-in-Glass Thermometry:
In liquid-in-glass thermometry, the ice point is ordinarily used as the reference temperature (6).
The periodic recalibration of a liquid-in-glass thermometer at the ice point provides a reliable indication of the effect of gradual relaxation of residual mechanical strains in the glass that have a significant effect on the volume of the bulb (6).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a method of preparing, maintaining, and using a temperature reference bath of a mixture of shaved ice and water, saturated with air at a pressure of 101 325 Pa (1 atm).
1.2 An industrial practice for relating values referenced to the ice point and to the water triple point on the ITS-90 is included.
1.3 Methods to promote uniformity of bath temperature by mechanical stirring or agitation are not described in detail.
1.4 Methods of approximating the ice point, as by thermostatically-controlled refrigeration, are not covered by this practice.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E563–08
Standard Practice for
Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference
1
Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E563; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 TemperaturerelationshipsgiveninGuideE1594,unless
otherwise defined herein, apply to temperature values as used
1.1 Thispracticecoversamethodofpreparing,maintaining,
in this practice.
and using a temperature reference bath of a mixture of shaved
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ice and water, saturated with air at a pressure of 101325 Pa (1
3.3.1 ice-point bath, n—physical system containing ice and
atm).
water assembled to realize the ice point as a reference
1.2 An industrial practice for relating values referenced to
temperature, or to establish a constant temperature near 0°C.
the ice point and to the water triple point on the ITS-90 is
included.
4. Summary of Practice
1.3 Methods to promote uniformity of bath temperature by
4.1 The ice-point bath described by this practice consists of
mechanical stirring or agitation are not described in detail.
an intimate mixture, without voids, of pure shaved ice or ice
1.4 Methods of approximating the ice point, as by
particles and distilled air-saturated water in a thermally insu-
thermostatically-controlled refrigeration, are not covered by
lating vessel open to the atmosphere.
this practice.
4.2 The ice bath realization of the ice point physically
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
approximates, with small uncertainty, a natural fixed-point
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
temperature.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2.1 An ice-point bath prepared by rigorous application of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
this practice, using distilled-water ice and air-saturated, chilled
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
distilledwater,typicallyhasatemperatureof0.000 60.002°C
2. Referenced Documents at a barometric pressure of 101,325 Pa (1 standard atmo-
2
sphere). See 8, Precision and Bias.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2.2 The ice-point bath is open to the atmosphere. The
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
solubilityofairinwater,whichaffectsphasechange,isdirectly
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
proportional to the atmospheric pressure. The effect of baro-
etry
metric pressure on the ice point is−75 nK/Pa (−7.6 mK/atm).
E1594 Guide for Expression of Temperature
Accordingly, the change in ice-point temperature resulting
3. Terminology
from an increase in elevation above sea level is -0.86 mK per
1000 m increase in altitude (-0.26 mK per 1000 ft increase in
3.1 Definitions—Definitions given in Terminology E344,
altitude). See Table 1.
unless otherwise defined herein, apply to terms as used in this
4.3 The ice-bath temperature can also be measured with an
practice.
accurately calibrated thermometer or compared to a water
triple point cell and the bath temperature reported as the
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE20onTemperature
measured temperature with an uncertainty that is attributed to
Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.07 on Funda-
the measurement, not to the ice point.
mentals in Thermometry.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
5. Significance and Use
approvedin1976.DiscontinuedFebruary1996andreinstatedin1997asE563–97.
´1
Last previous ediiton approved in 2002 as E563–02 . DOI: 10.1520/E0563-08.
5.1 This practice is adequate for use with other ASTM
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
standards that specify the ice point as a reference. It is also
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
intended to be adequate for most other ice-point reference
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. purposes.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E563–08
TABLE 1 Change in Ice Point Temperature Corresponding to
slush of ice and water either manually or by a powered stirring
Elevation Above Sea Level
means so that all of the ice and water in the bath come into
Elevation Change in ice point, mK
intimate contact.
Sea Level 0
6.3 Ice making machines operate below 0°C. Therefore,
500 m (1640 ft) –0.43
when excessively large ice particles are used to prepare the
1000
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:E563–02 Designation:E563–08
Standard Practice for
Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference
1
Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E563; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Footnote 1 was editorially corrected in March 2005.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers a method of preparing, maintaining, and using a temperature reference bath of a mixture of shaved ice
and water, saturated with air at a pressure of 101325 Pa (1 atm).
1.2 An industrial practice for relating values referenced to the ice point and to the water triple point on the ITS-90 is included.
1.3 Methods to promote uniformity of bath temperature by mechanical stirring or agitation are not described in detail.
1.4 Methods of approximating the ice point, as by thermostatically-controlled refrigeration, are not covered by this practice.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193Standard Specification for Reagent Water Specification for Reagent Water
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E1594 Guide for Expression of Temperature
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions given in Terminology E344, unless otherwise defined herein, apply to terms as used in this
practice.
3.2 Temperature relationships given in Guide E1594, unless otherwise defined herein, apply to temperature values as used in
this practice.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3.1 ice-point bath, n—physical system containing ice and water assembled to realize the ice point as a reference temperature,
or to establish a constant temperature near 0°C.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The ice-point bath described by this practice consists of an intimate mixture, without voids, of pure shaved ice or ice
particles and distilled air-saturated water in a thermally insulating vessel open to the atmosphere.
4.2 The ice bath realization of the ice point physically approximates, with small uncertainty, a natural fixed-point temperature.
4.2.1An ice-point bath prepared using distilled-water ice and air-saturated, chilled distilled water, typically has a temperature of
0.000 6 0.002°C. Consequently, when the bath is used as a fixed-point temperature reference, the bath temperature is assumed to
be 0°C, with an uncertainty that depends on the care with which the bath was established and maintained.
4.2.2Theice-pointbathisopentotheatmosphere;theeffectofbarometricpressureontheicepointis−75nK/Pa(−7.6mK/atm).
The solubility of air in the water is directly proportional to the atmospheric pressure.
4.3Theice-bathtemperaturecanalsobemeasuredwithanaccuratelycalibratedthermometerorcomparedtoawatertriplepoint
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E20 onTemperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.07 on Fundamentals
in Thermometry.
Current edition approved October 10, 2002. Published May 2003. Originally approved in 1976. Discontinued February 1996 and reinstated in 1997 as E563–97.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally approved in 1976. Discontinued February 1996 and reinstated in 1997 as E563–97. Last
´1
previous ediiton approved in 2002 as E563–02 .
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E563–08
cell and the bath temperature is reported as the measured temperature with an uncertainty that is attributed to the measurement,
not to the ice point.
4.2.1 An ice-point bath prepared by rigorous application of this practice, using distilled-water ice and air-saturated, chilled
distilled water, typically has a temperature of 0.000 6 0.002°C at a barometric pressure of 101,325 Pa (1 standard atmosphere).
See
...
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