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ASTM D5262-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Unconfined Tension Creep Behavior of Geosynthetics

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Unconfined Tension Creep Behavior of Geosynthetics

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the unconfined tension creep behavior of geosynthetics at constant temperature when subjected to a sustained tensile loading. This test method is applicable to all geosynthetics.
1.2 The test method measures total elongation of the geosynthetic test specimen, from the time of loading, while being maintained at a constant temperature. It includes procedures for measuring the tension creep behavior at constant temperature of conditioned geosynthetics as well as directions for calculating tension creep curves.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2004
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.02 - Endurance Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5262-02a - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Unconfined Tension Creep Behavior of Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D5262-06 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Unconfined Tension Creep Rupture Behavior of Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4439-23b - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6992-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5819-22 - Standard Guide for Selecting Test Methods for Experimental Evaluation of Geosynthetic Durability
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7361-07(2023) - Standard Test Method for Accelerated Compressive Creep of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8269-21 - Standard Guide for the Use of Geocells in Geotechnical and Roadway Projects
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6455-11(2018) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (PBGMs)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8105-18 - Standard Guide for Use and Application of Geosynthetic Reinforcement Reduction Factor Test Results
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2777-20 - Standard Guide for Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6637/D6637M-15 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Geogrids by the Single or Multi-Rib Tensile Method
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7737/D7737M-15(2023) - Standard Test Method for Individual Geogrid Junction Strength
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004

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ASTM D5262-04 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Unconfined Tension Creep Behavior of GeosyntheticsASTM D5262-04 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Unconfined Tension Creep Behavior of Geosynthetics
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ASTM D5262-04 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Unconfined Tension Creep Behavior of Geosynthetics
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5262 – 04
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Unconfined Tension Creep and Creep
1
Rupture Behavior of Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5262; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4491 Test Methods forWater Permeability of Geotextiles
by Permittivity
1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the
D4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles
unconfined tension creep and creep rupture behavior of geo-
by the Wide-Width Strip Method
synthetics at constant temperature when subjected to a sus-
D4885 Test Method for Determining Performance Tensile
tained tensile loading. This test method is applicable to all
Strength of Geomembranes Using Wide Strip Testing
geosynthetics.
D6637 Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of
1.2 The test method measures total elongation of the geo-
Geogrids by the Single or Multi-Rib Tensile Method
synthetic test specimen, from the time of loading, while being
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
maintained at a constant temperature. It includes procedures
ing
for measuring the tension creep and creep rupture behavior at
constant temperature of conditioned geosynthetics as well as
3. Terminology
directions for calculating tension creep and creep rupture
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of many terms used in this
curves.
test method, refer to Terminologies D123, D4439 and E6.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
only.
tained at a relative humidity between 50 and 70% and the test
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(Section 10.2).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 creep, n—the time-dependent increase in accumula-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tive strain in a material resulting from an applied constant
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
force.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.3 design load—the load at which the geosynthetic is
2. Referenced Documents required to operate in order to perform its intended function.
2 3.2.4 failure, n—an arbitrary point at which a material
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ceases to be functionally capable of its intended use.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3.2.5 geogrid, n—a geosynthetic formed by a regular net-
D1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
work of integrally connected elements with apertures greater
D1909 Table for Commercial Moisture Regains for Textile
1
than 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.) to allow interlocking with surrounding
Fibers
soil, rock, earth, and other surrounding materials to function
D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flex-
primarily as reinforcement.
ural Creep and Creep Rupture of Plastics
3.2.6 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geo-
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
synthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
3.2.6.1 Discussion—In geotechnical engineering, essen-
tially impermeable means that no measurable liquid flows
through a geosynthetic when tested in accordance with Test
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Methods D4491.
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur-
3.2.7 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
ance Properties.
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originally
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5262–02a.
technical engineering-related material as an integral part of a
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
man-made project, structure, or system.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.8 geotextile, n—a permeable geosynthetic comprised
Standardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandards’sDocumentSummarypageon
the ASTM website. solely of textiles.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 5262 – 04
3.2.8.1 Discussion—Current manufacturing techniques pro- 6. Apparatus
duce nonwoven fabrics, knitted (non-tubular) fabrics, and
6.1 Clamps:
woven fabrics.
6.1.1 Clamps should be at least as wide as the sp
...

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5.1 The determination of the tensile force-elongation values of geogrids provides index property values. This test method shall be used for quality control and acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geogrids.  
5.2 In cases of dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing began. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.3 All geogrids can be tested by any of these methods. Some modification of techniques may be necessary for a given geogrid depending upon its physical makeup. Special adaptations may be necessary with strong geogrids, multiple layered geogrids, or geogrids that tend to slip in the clamps or those which tend to be damaged by the clamps.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile strength properties of geogrids by subjecting strips of varying width to tensile loading.  
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1.2.2 Method B—Testing multiple geogrid ribs in tension (kN/m or lbf/ft).  
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ASTM D5820-95(2023)(Practice)
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5.1 The increased use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid or gas movement, and the common use of dual-track seams in joining these sheets, has created a need for a standard nondestructive test by which the quality of the seams can be assessed for continuity and watertightness. The test is not intended to provide any indication of the physical strength of the seam.  
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5.3 This technique is intended for use on seams between geomembrane sheets formulated from the appropriate polymers and compounding ingredients to form a plastic or elastomer sheet material that meets all specified requirements for the end use of the product.
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1.1 This practice covers a nondestructive evaluation of the continuity of parallel geomembrane seams separated by an unwelded air channel. The unwelded air channel between the two distinct seamed regions is sealed and inflated with air to a predetermined pressure. Long lengths of seam can be evaluated by this practice more quickly than by other common nondestructive tests.  
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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
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1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
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ASTM D5887/D5887M-23(Test Method)
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1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to GCL products having geotextile backing(s). It is not applicable to GCL products with geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s), or polymer coating backing(s).  
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1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.  
5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.  
5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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ASTM D7006-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice covers test arrangements, measurement techniques, sampling methods, and calculations to be used for nondestructive evaluation of geomembranes using ultrasonic testing.  
5.2 Wave velocity may be established for particular geomembranes (for specific polymer type, specific formulation, specific density). Relationships may be established between velocity and both density and tensile properties of geomembranes. An example of the use of ultrasound for determining density of polyethylene is presented in Test Method D4883. Velocity measurements may be used to determine thickness of geomembranes (1, 2).4 Travel time and amplitude of transmitted waves may be used to assess the condition of geomembranes and to identify defects in geomembranes including surface defects (for example, scratches, cuts), inner defects (for example, discontinuities within geomembranes), and defects that penetrate the entire thickness of geomembranes (for example, pinholes) (3, 4). Bonding between geomembrane sheets can be evaluated using travel time, velocity, or impedance measurements for seam assessment (5-10). Examples of the use of ultrasonic testing for determining the integrity of field and factory seams through travel time and velocity measurements (resulting in thickness measurements) are presented in Practices D4437 and D4545, respectively. An ultrasonic testing device is routinely used for evaluating seams in prefabricated bituminous geomembranes in the field (11). Integrity of geomembranes may be monitored in time using ultrasonic measurements.
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1.1 This practice provides a summary of equipment and procedures for ultrasonic testing of geomembranes using the pulse echo method.  
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1.3 Measurements of one or more ultrasonic wave transmission characteristics are made based on the requirements of the specific testing program.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D6992-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in reinforcement applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
5.4 Creep-rupture test data are used to develop a regression line relating creep stress to rupture time. These results predict the long-term rupture strength expected for geosynthetics in reinforcement applications.  
5.5 Tensile testing is used to establish the ultimate tensile strength (TULT) of a material and to determine elastic stress, strain, and variations thereof for SIM tests.  
5.6 Ramp and Hold (R+H) testing is done to establish the range of creep strains experienced in the brief period of very rapid response following the peak of the load ramp.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5322-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a standard immersion procedure for investigating the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic to a liquid waste, leachate, or chemical in a laboratory environment. The conditions specified in this practice are intended both to provide a basis of standardization and to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic material(s) in a laboratory environment. Practice D5496 can be used should the user need to assess the performance of a geosynthetic in field conditions.  
4.2 This practice is not intended to establish, by itself, the behavior of geosynthetics when exposed to liquids. Such behavior, referred to as chemical resistance, can be defined only in terms of specific chemical solutions and methods of testing and evaluation criteria selected by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers laboratory immersion procedures for the testing of geosynthetics for chemical resistance to liquid wastes, prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived from solid wastes.  
1.2 This standard is not applicable to some geosynthetics such as geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), because of their composite nature requiring a confining pressure during immersion. However, individual geosynthetic components of the GCL can be tested.  
1.3 This standard was originally developed to supplement and expand EPA 9090 to include all geosynthetics. EPA 9090 has not been updated since 1992.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    English language
    sale 15% off