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ASTM D3884-09

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)

Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.
The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant, variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimens.
Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must accordingly be discarded at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or discarded after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests. Similar abradants used in different laboratories will not change at the same rate, due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.
The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a specified degree or amount of abrasio...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the rotary platform, double-head tester (RPDH).  
Note 1—Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in Test Methods D 3885, D 3886, D 4157, D 4158, D 4966,  and AATCC 93.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard: the values in English units are provided as information only and are not exact equivalents.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jan-2009
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3884-07 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Replaced By
ASTM D3884-09(2013) - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2013
Referred By
ASTM D3885-07A(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4966-22 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Referred By
ASTM F715-07(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics Used for Oil Spill Control and Storage
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4685/D4685M-15(2020) - Standard Test Method for Pile Fabric Abrasion
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Referred By
ASTM F2704-17a - Standard Specification for Air-Fed Protective Ensembles
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Referred By
ASTM D3886-22 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4157-13(2022) - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4158-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Uniform Abrasion)
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Referred By
ASTM D3181-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests on Textiles
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Referred By
ASTM E3109-18 - Standard Specification for Protective Gloves Worn by Law Enforcement and Corrections Officers
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
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ASTM F3258-21 - Standard Specification for Protectors for Rubber Insulating Gloves Meeting Specific Performance Requirements
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ASTM G195-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
Effective Date
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ASTM D3884-09 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)ASTM D3884-09 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
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ASTM D3884-09 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
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REDLINE ASTM D3884-09 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)REDLINE ASTM D3884-09 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
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REDLINE ASTM D3884-09 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
English language
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3884 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform,
1
Double-Head Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abra-
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
sion resistance of textile fabrics using the rotary platform,
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
double-head tester (RPDH).
D7255 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Leather
NOTE 1—Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of
(Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
textile fabrics are given in Test Methods D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158,
2.2 Other Documents:
D4966, and AATCC 93.
AATCC 93 Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics: Accelerator
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3
Method
standard: the values in English units are provided as informa-
tion only and are not exact equivalents.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric Test
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Methods, Specific, refer to Terminology D4850.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
abrasion, abrasion cycle, breaking force.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
2. Referenced Documents Terminology D123.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Summary of Test Method
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
4.1 Aspecimenisabradedusingrotaryrubbingactionunder
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D3885 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile controlled conditions of pressure and abrasive action. The test
specimen, mounted on a turntable platform, turns on a vertical
Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
D3886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile axis, against the sliding rotation of two abrading wheels. One
abrading wheel rubs the specimen outward toward the periph-
Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)
D4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile ery and the other, inward toward the center. The resulting
abrasion marks form a pattern of crossed arcs over an area of
Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
2
D4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics approximately 30 cm . Resistance to abrasion is evaluated by
various means which are described in Section 13.
(Uniform Abrasion)
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
5. Significance and Use
Methods
D4966 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile
Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)
and other materials is very complex.The resistance to abrasion
is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical
properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
type,kind,andamountoffinishingmaterialaddedtothefibers,
Specific.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally
yarns, or fabric.
approved in 1980. Discontinued January 2001 and reinstated as D3884 – 01. Last
previous edition approved in 2007 as D3884 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/D3884-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
Standards volumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageon (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
the ASTM website. www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3884 − 09
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the 5.7 Before definite predictions of fabric usefulness can be
conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant, variable drawn from an abrasion test as made on the rotary platform,
action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the double-head (RPDH) abrader (Fig. 1), actual end-use trials
tension
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3884–07
Standard Guide for Designation:D3884–09
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform,
1
Double-Head Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guidetest method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the rotary platform,
double-head tester (RPDH).
NOTE 1—OtherproceduresformeasuringtheabrasionresistanceoftextilefabricsaregiveninTestMethodsD 3885,D 3886,D 4157,D 4158,D 4966,
and AATCC 6193.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard: the values in English units are provided as information only
and are not exact equivalents.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 3885 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
D 3886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)
D 4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
D 4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Uniform Abrasion)
D 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
D 4966 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)
D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
D 5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method) Test Method for Breaking Force and
Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
D 7255 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Leather (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
2.2 Other Documents:
3
AATCC 93 Impeller Tumble Method Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics: Accelerator Method
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions:
3.1.1abrasion, n—the wearing away of any part of a material by rubbing against another surface.
3.1.2abrasion cycle, n—in abrasion testing, one or more movements of the abradant across a material surface, or the material
surface across the abradant, that permits a return to its starting position.
1
This guide test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
Specific.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007.Jan. 15, 2009. Published January 2008.March 2009. Originally approved in 1980. Discontinued January 2001 and reinstated as
D 3884 – 01. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3884–01(2007). D 3884 – 07.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3884–09
3.1.2.1Discussion—The abrasion cycle is dependent on the programmed motions of the abrasion machine and the test standard
used. It may consist of one back-and-forth unidirectional movement such as for the rotary platform test method, or a combination
of both such as for the inflated diaphragm test method. For the oscillatory cylinder abrasion method, an abrasion cycle consists
of one circular movement of the specimen.
3.1.3breaking force, n—the maximum force applied to a material carried to rupture. (Compare breaking point, breaking
strength).
3.2For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric Test Methods, Specific, refer to Terminology D 4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: abrasion, abrasion cycle, breaking force.
3.2 For al
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, woven high stretch fabrics used in apparel should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification. (A) See Note 3.  
4.2 It is recognized that, for purposes of fashion or aesthetics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable products that do not conform to all of the requirements listed in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
4.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specifications should specify that: “This product meets ASTM specifications XXXX except for the following characteristic(s).”  
4.3 Where no pre-purchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 4.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for a particular product.  
4.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for woven high stretch fabrics used in apparel.  
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this performance specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3512/D3512M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors which may include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, fabric finishing treatments and refurbishing method. Testing before refurbishing may be adviseable. The pilling resistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more with general conditions of use and individual wearers than in replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This experience should be borne in mind when adopting levels of acceptability for any series of standards.  
5.3 Pills vary appreciably in size and appearance and de...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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