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ASTM D3884-07

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)

Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.
The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant, variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimens.
Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must accordingly be discarded at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or discarded after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests. Similar abradants used in different laboratories will not change at the same rate, due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.
The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a specified degree or amount of abrasio...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the rotary platform, double-head tester (RPDH).  
Note 1—Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in Test Methods D 3885, D 3886, D 4158, D 4966,  and AATCC 61.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard: the values in English units are provided as information only and are not exact equivalents.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2007
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3884-01(2007) - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D3884-09 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Referred By
ASTM F3258-21 - Standard Specification for Protectors for Rubber Insulating Gloves Meeting Specific Performance Requirements
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM E3109-18 - Standard Specification for Protective Gloves Worn by Law Enforcement and Corrections Officers
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM G195-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3886-22 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4157-13(2022) - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3885-07A(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM F715-07(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics Used for Oil Spill Control and Storage
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4158-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Uniform Abrasion)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3181-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests on Textiles
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4685/D4685M-15(2020) - Standard Test Method for Pile Fabric Abrasion
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4966-22 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM F2704-17a - Standard Specification for Air-Fed Protective Ensembles
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007

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REDLINE ASTM D3884-07 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)REDLINE ASTM D3884-07 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3884–07
Standard Guide for
Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform,
1
Double-Head Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope AATCC 93 Impeller Tumble Method
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the abrasion
3. Terminology
resistance of textile fabrics using the rotary platform, double-
3.1 Definitions:
head tester (RPDH).
3.1.1 abrasion, n—the wearing away of any part of a
NOTE 1—Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of
material by rubbing against another surface.
textile fabrics are given in Test Methods D 3885, D 3886, D 4158,
3.1.2 abrasion cycle, n—in abrasion testing, one or more
D 4966, and AATCC 61.
movements of the abradant across a material surface, or the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
material surface across the abradant, that permits a return to its
standard: the values in English units are provided as informa-
starting position.
tion only and are not exact equivalents.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The abrasion cycle is dependent on the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
programmed motions of the abrasion machine and the test
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
standard used. It may consist of one back-and-forth unidirec-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tionalmovementsuchasfortherotaryplatformtestmethod,or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
a combination of both such as for the inflated diaphragm test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
method. For the oscillatory cylinder abrasion method, an
abrasion cycle consists of one circular movement of the
2. Referenced Documents
specimen.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3 breaking force, n—the maximum force applied to a
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
material carried to rupture. (Compare breaking point, breaking
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
strength).
D 3885 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
D 3886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
4. Summary of Test Method
Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)
D 4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics
4.1 Aspecimenisabradedusingrotaryrubbingactionunder
(Uniform Abrasion)
controlled conditions of pressure and abrasive action. The test
D 4966 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
specimen, mounted on a platform, turns on a vertical axis,
Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)
against the sliding rotation of two abrading wheels. One
D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation
abrading wheel rubs the specimen outward toward the periph-
of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
ery and the other, inward toward the center. The resulting
D 5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
abrasion marks form a pattern of crossed arcs over an area of
2
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
approximately 30 cm . Resistance to abrasion is evaluated by
2.2 Other Documents:
various means which are described in Section 12.
5. Significance and Use
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and
5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
and other materials is very complex.The resistance to abrasion
Specific.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical
approved in 1980. Discontinued January 2001 and reinstated as D 3884 – 01. Last
properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the
previous edition approved in 2007 as D 3884 – 01(2007).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O.
the ASTM website. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3884–07
structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the 5.7 Before definite predictions of fabric usefulness can be
type,kind,andamountoffinishingmaterialadd
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3884–01 (Reapproved 2007) Designation: D 3884 – 07
Standard Guide for
Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform,
1
Double-Head Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the rotary platform, double-head tester
(RPDH).
NOTE 1—Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in Test Methods D 3885, D 3886, D 4158, D 4966, and
AATCC 61.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard: the values in English units are provided as information only
and are not exact equivalents.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 3885 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
D 3886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)
D 4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Uniform Abrasion)
D 4966 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)
D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
D 5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
2.2 Other Documents:
3
AATCC 93 Impeller Tumble Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 abrasion, n—the wearing away of any part of a material by rubbing against another surface.
3.1.2 abrasion cycle, n—in abrasion testing, one or more movements of the abradant across a material surface, or the material
surface across the abradant, that permits a return to its starting position.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The abrasion cycle is dependent on the programmed motions of the abrasion machine and the test standard
used. It may consist of one back-and-forth unidirectional movement such as for the rotary platform test method, or a combination
of both such as for the inflated diaphragm test method. For the oscillatory cylinder abrasion method, an abrasion cycle consists
of one circular movement of the specimen.
3.1.3 breaking force, n—the maximum force applied to a material carried to rupture. (Compare breaking point, breaking
strength).
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 123.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, Specific.
Current edition approved MarchDec. 1, 2007. PublishedApril 2007.January 2008. Originally approved in 1980. Discontinued January 2001 and reinstated as D 3884 – 01.
Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as D 3884 – 01(2007).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3884–07
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A specimen is abraded using rotary rubbing action under controlled conditions of pressure and abrasive action. The test
specimen, mounted on a platform, turns on a vertical axis, against the sliding rotation of two abrading wheels. One abrading wheel
rubs the specimen outward toward the periphery and the other, inward toward the center. The resulting abrasion marks form a
2
pattern of crossed arcs over an area of approximately 30 cm . Resistance to abrasion is evaluated by various means which are
described in Section 12.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile a
...

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4.2 It is recognized that, for purposes of fashion or aesthetics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable products that do not conform to all of the requirements listed in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
4.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specifications should specify that: “This product meets ASTM specifications XXXX except for the following characteristic(s).”  
4.3 Where no pre-purchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 4.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for a particular product.  
4.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for woven high stretch fabrics used in apparel.  
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this performance specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4157-13(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must accordingly be changed at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or changed after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests, but obviously similar abradants used in different laboratories will not likely change at the same rate due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.  
5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a spe...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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