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ASTM D2673-04

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Oriented Polypropylene Film

Standard Specification for Oriented Polypropylene Film

ABSTRACT
This specification covers uniaxially, biaxially, or balanced oriented polypropylene (OPP) films in a specified thickness range. Films can contain colorants, stabilizers, or other additives, and can be coated for the improvement of performance properties such as heat sealability, gas permeability, and so forth. Films can also be annealed (heat-set) to reduce the unrestrained linear shrinkage and shrink tension on exposure to heat. The base polymer shall be a Group 1 or 2 polypropylene (PP), or a blend of such with one or more other polymers, provided the PP fraction is the main component. Films shall adhere to physical requirements as defined for appearance, blocking, thickness, package yield, width, length, and requirements for those intended for the packaging of food, drugs, and cosmetics. For characterization purposes, this specification provides a cell classification based on six performance parameters characterized by a code designation (1 to 6), as follows: (1) coefficient of friction; (2) unrestrained linear thermal shrinkage; (3) wetting tension; (4) heat-sealability; (5) gloss; (6) haze.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers oriented polypropylene (OPP) film in the thickness range from 10 to 75 m [0.4 to 3.0 mils].
1.2 The film can contain colorants, stabilizers, or other additives, and can be coated for the improvement of performance properties (heat sealability, gas permeability, and so forth).
1.3 The film can be annealed (heat-set) to reduce the unrestrained linear shrinkage and shrink tension on exposure to heat.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section , of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2004
ICS
83.140.10 - Films and sheets
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.19 - Film, Sheeting, and Molded Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2673-99 - Standard Specification for Oriented Polypropylene Film
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D2673-09 - Standard Specification for Oriented Polypropylene Film
Effective Date
01-May-2009

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ASTM D2673-04 - Standard Specification for Oriented Polypropylene Film
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 2673 – 04
Standard Specification for
1
Oriented Polypropylene Film
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2673; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
D1922 Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of
1.1 This specification covers oriented polypropylene (OPP)
Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method
film in the thickness range from 10 to 75 µm [0.4 to 3.0 mils].
D2457 TestMethodforSpecularGlossofPlasticFilmsand
1.2 The film can contain colorants, stabilizers, or other
Solid Plastics
additives, and can be coated for the improvement of perfor-
D2578 Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethylene
mance properties (heat sealability, gas permeability, and so
and Polypropylene Films
forth).
D2732 Test Method for Unrestrained Linear Thermal
1.3 The film can be annealed (heat-set) to reduce the
Shrinkage of Plastic Film and Sheeting
unrestrainedlinearshrinkageandshrinktensiononexposureto
D2838 Test Method for Shrink Tension and Orientation
heat.
Release Stress of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D3354 Test Method for Blocking Load of Plastic Film by
standard.Thevaluesgiveninbracketsareforinformationonly.
the Parallel Plate Method
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This
D3985 Test Method for Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Coulometric
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
Sensor
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
rials
tions prior to use.
D4101 Specification for Propylene Plastic Injection and
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
Extrusion Materials
D4321 Test Method for Package Yield of Plastic Film
2. Referenced Documents
D5946 Test Method for Corona-Treated Polymer Films
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Using Water Contact Angle
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of Plastic
D882 Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
Film Test Specimen
Sheeting
E96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
D1003 Test Method for Haze and LuminousTransmittance
rials
of Transparent Plastics
E462 Test Method for Odor and Taste Transfer from
D1434 Test Method for Determining Gas Permeability
Packaging Film
Characteristics of Plastic Film and Sheeting
F88 Test Methods for Seal Strength of Flexible Barrier
D1746 Test Method for Transparency of Plastic Sheeting
Materials
D1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of
Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
3.1.1 nominal thickness, width, yield—targetvaluestobeas
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and
agreed upon between the seller and the purchaser.
Sheeting.
3.1.2 oriented polypropylene (OPP) film—a film yielding a
Current edition approved September 1, 2004. Published September 2004.
minimum tensile strength of 68 MPa [10000 psi] in at least
Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D2673-
one principal direction (machine or transverse).
99.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.2.1 balanced oriented PP film (OPP-B)—a film in
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
which the machine- and transverse-direction tensile strength
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
both exceed 68 MPa [10000 psi], but do not differ by more
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2673–04
A
TABLE 1 Cell Classification for OPP Film
Cell Limits
Designation
Film Property
Order
0 1234
1 Coefficient of friction unspecified <0.20 0.20 to 0.35 0.35 to 0.50 >0.50
2 Linear thermal shrinkage unrestrained, 120°C, % unspecified 0 to 3 >3 to 6 >6 to 20 >20
3 Wetting tension, dyne/cm unspecified <38 $38
4 Heat-sealability, g/mm unspecified 4 to 1
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the dimensional (length and width, thickness, and weight) requirements for biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film and sheeting, both virgin and recycled. For this specification, polyethylene terephthalate film and sheeting shall be defined as the material derived from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol and shall consist of at least 90 % polyethylene terephthalate homopolymer. The film or sheeting shall be furnished flat or in rolls in the dimensions specified. This specification does not apply to coated, coextruded, tinted, pigmented, or metallized film or sheeting.
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1.1 This specification covers requirements for biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film and sheeting in thicknesses from 1.5 μm (0.06 mil) to 355 μm (14.0 mil). For this specification, polyethylene terephthalate film and sheeting shall be defined as the material derived from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol and shall consist of at least 90 % polyethylene terephthalate homopolymer. This specification does not apply to coated, coextruded, tinted, pigmented, or metallized film or sheeting.  
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Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this specification.
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ASTM D4204-16(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparing Plastic Film Specimens for a Round-Robin Study

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4.1 This practice is intended to assist task groups participating in a round-robin study with the preparation of test sets of film specimens from film samples in the form of rolls on a core.  
4.2 This practice assumes that the essential features of the round-robin protocol have already been established by following the guidance of Practice E691. In particular, it is assumed that the following are known: (1) the number of film samples to be used, (2) the number of participating laboratories, (3) the number of replicate test results to be generated by each laboratory for each sample, and (4) the number of test specimens required to yield one test result for each sample.  
4.3 In accordance with this practice, samples are partitioned into test sets so that real within-sample variability will not unduly distort the conclusions drawn from statistical analyses of the data generated in the round-robin study.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of test sets of plastic film specimens for subsequent use in an interlaboratory round-robin study to evaluate the precision of a test method.  
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ASTM D4397-16(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Polyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial, and Agricultural Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers polyethylene sheeting with a determined thickness intended for construction, industrial and agricultural applications. The sheeting shall be made from polyethylene or modified polyethylene, such as an ethylene copolymer consisting of a major portion of ethylene in combination with a minor portion of some other monomer, or a mixture of polyethylene with a lesser amount of other polymers. General requirements for the material are also observed according to their appearance, dimensions in size and tolerance and minimum net weight. The sheeting may be natural, color-tinted, translucent or opaque. The tests given are intended primarily for use as production tests in conjunction with manufacturing processes and inspection methods to insure conformity of sheeting with the requirements of this specification. These tests shall be done in order to determine the following properties: thickness, length and width, weight, impact resistance, tensile properties, reflectance, luminous transmittance, water vapor transmission, and heat sealability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers polyethylene sheeting, 250 μm (0.010 in. or 10 mils) or less in thickness, intended for construction, industrial, and agricultural applications.  
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ASTM D4272/D4272M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Total Energy Impact of Plastic Films by Dart Drop

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Evaluation of the impact toughness of film is important in predicting the performance of a material in applications such as packaging, construction, and other uses. The test simulates the action encountered in applications where moderate-velocity blunt impacts occur in relatively small areas of film.  
5.2 The values obtained by this test method are highly dependent on the method and conditions of film fabrication as well as the type and grade of resin.  
5.3 Test methods employing different missile velocities, impinging surface diameters, or effective specimen diameters will most likely produce different results. Data obtained by this test method cannot necessarily be compared directly with those obtained by other test methods.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the total energy impact of plastic films by measuring the kinetic energy lost by a free-falling dart that passes through the film.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Film has been arbitrarily defined as sheeting having nominal thickness not greater than 0.25 mm [0.010 in.].
Note 2: This test method and ISO 7765–2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content (and results cannot be directly compared between the two test methods). The ISO test method calls for a direct readout of energy by using a load cell as part of the impactor head, while Test Method D4272 calls for a constant weight impactor, then measuring the time of travel through a given distance to get energy values.
FIG. 1 Elements of an Instrumented Dart Drop System
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Standard Test Method for Transparency of Plastic Sheeting

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4.1 The attribute of clarity of a sheet, measured by its ability to transmit image-forming light, correlates with its regular transmittance. Sensitivity to differences improves with decreasing incident beam- and receptor-angle. If the angular width of the incident beam and of the receptor aperture (as seen from the specimen position) are of the order of 0.1° or less, sheeting of commercial interest have a range of transparency of about 10 to 90 % as measured by this test. Results obtained by the use of this test method are greatly influenced by the design parameters of the instruments; for example, the resolution is largely determined by the angular width of the receptor aperture. Caution should therefore be exercised in comparing results obtained from different instruments, especially for samples with low regular transmittance.  
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ASTM D1922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is of value in ranking relative tearing resistance of various plastic films and thin sheeting of comparable thickness. Experience has shown the test to have its best reliability on relatively less extensible films and sheeting. Variable elongation and oblique tearing effects on the more extensible films preclude its use as a precise production-control tool for these types of plastics. This test method should be used for specification acceptance testing only after it has been demonstrated that the data for the particular material are acceptably reproducible. This test method should be used for service evaluation only after its usefulness for the particular application has been demonstrated with a number of different films.  
4.2 This test method has been widely used as one index of the tearing resistance of plastic film and thin sheeting used in packaging applications. While it is not always be possible to correlate film tearing data with its other mechanical or toughness properties, the apparatus of this test method provides a controlled means for tearing specimens at straining rates approximating some of those found in actual packaging service.  
4.3 Due to orientation during their manufacture, plastic films and sheeting frequently show marked anisotropy in their resistance to tearing. This is further complicated by the fact that some films elongate greatly during tearing, even at the relatively rapid rates of loading encountered in this test method. The degree of this elongation is dependent in turn on film orientation and the inherent mechanical properties of the polymer from which it is made. These factors make tear resistance of some films reproducible between sets of specimens to ±5 % of the mean value, while others potentially show no better reproducibility than ±50 %.  
4.4 Data obtained by this test method may supplement that from Test Method D1004, wherein the specimen is strained at a rate of 50 mm (2 in.) per minute. However, spec...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the average force to propagate tearing through a specified length of plastic film or nonrigid sheeting after the tear has been started, using an Elmendorf-type tearing tester. Two specimens are cited, a rectangular type, and one with a constant radius testing length. The latter shall be the preferred or referee specimen.  
1.2 Because of (1) difficulties in selecting uniformly identical specimens, (2) the varying degree of orientation in some plastic films, and (3) the difficulty found in testing highly extensible or highly oriented materials, or both, the reproducibility of the test results may be variable and, in some cases, not good or misleading. Provisions are made in the test method to address oblique directional tearing which may be found with some materials.  
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ASTM D2578-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When a drop of liquid rests on the surface of a solid, and a gas is in contact with both, the forces acting at the interfaces must balance. These forces can be represented by surface energies acting in the direction of the surfaces and it follows that:
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  θ  =  angle of contact of the edge of the drop with the solid surface,   γGL  =  surface energy of the gas - liquid interface,   γGS  =  surface energy of the gas - solid interface, and   γSL  =  surface energy of the solid - liquid interface.    
5.1.1 The right side of the above equation (the difference between the surface energies of the gas - solid and solid - liquid interfaces) is defined as the wetting tension of the solid surface. It is not a fundamental property of the surface but depends on interaction between the solid and a particular environment.  
5.1.2 When the gas is air saturated with vapors of the liquid, γGL will be the surface tension of the liquid. If the angle of contact is 0° the liquid is said to just wet the surface of the solid, and in this particular case (since cos θ = 1) the wetting tension of the solid will be equal to the surface tension of the liquid.  
5.2 The ability of polyethylene and polypropylene films to retain inks, coatings, adhesives, etc., is primarily dependent upon the character of their surfaces, and can be improved by one of several surface-treating techniques. These same treating techniques have been found to increase the wetting tension of a polyethylene or a polypropylene film surface in contact with mixtures of formamide and ethyl Cellosolve in the presence of air. It is therefore possible to relate the wetting tension of a polyethylene or a polypropylene film surface to its ability to accept and retain inks, coatings, adhesives, etc. The measured wetting tension of a specific film surface can only be related to acceptable ink, coating, or adhesive retention through experience. Wetting tension in itself is not a completely acceptable measur...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the wetting tension of a polyethylene or polypropylene film surface in contact with drops of specific test solutions in the presence of air.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: This test method and the specified reagents were specifically developed for polyethylene and polypropylene films. It is possible to utilize this test method and the specified reagents for films composed of other polymers, but this can affect the surface energies of the gas-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces, which will affect the contact angle and wetting tension. The applicability and significance for use of non-polyolefin materials must be established by the user.  
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Note 2: This test method is equivalent to ISO 8296.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2291/D2291M-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Fabrication of Ring Test Specimens for Glass-Resin Composites

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a uniform procedure for fabricating glass fiber/thermoset resin ring samples for use as test specimens. Specimens so prepared can be used in Test Methods D2290 and D2344/D2344M.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended for use in the fabrication of ring-type test specimens to be used in the evaluation of the mechanical properties of reinforcement and resins in a composite structure. The practice outlines the steps in the preparation of the test specimens, including the final specimen machining where applicable. Three final ring configurations are included.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this practice.  
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Standard Test Method for Diffuse Light Transmission Factor of Reinforced Plastics Panels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this test method is to obtain the diffuse light transmittance factor of both flat and corrugated translucent building panels by the use of simple apparatus and by employing as a light source a combination of fluorescent tubes whose energy distribution closely approximates CIE Source C.
SCOPE
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Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
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ASTM D4551-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-Containment Membrane

ABSTRACT
This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) flexible sheeting which is used without mastic, bedding, or coating for construction of concealed water containment membranes that include fountains, pools, planters, shower and safe pans, tile tubs, or similar wet installations where the membrane is inaccessible once the construction is complete. The plastic materials shall meet the inherent viscosity and compound density requirements and shall be subjected to tests that have been selected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulate the environment to which the membrane will be subjected during actual use. Qualification tests shall be performed wherein the sheeting shall conform to the following physical property requirements: thickness; stress-strain properties such as tensile strength, tensile stress at elongation, and elongation at break; tear resistance; pinholes; microorganism resistance; puncture resistance; indentation resistance; folding resistance; chemical resistance to distilled water, soapy water, or alkali; hydrostatic pressure resistance; shrinkage; and volatile loss.
SCOPE
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1.4 This specification does not cover water-containment membranes exposed to ultraviolet light.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    9 pages
    English language
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  • Technical specification
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off