ASTM C1223-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Testing of Glass Exudation from AZS Fusion-Cast Refractories
Standard Test Method for Testing of Glass Exudation from AZS Fusion-Cast Refractories
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method was developed for use both by manufacturers as a process control tool for the production of AZS fusion-cast refractories, and by glass manufacturers in the selection of refractories and design of glass-melting furnaces.
The results may be considered as representative of the potential for an AZS refractory (specifically, in the tested region) to contribute to glass defect formation during the furnace production operation.
The procedures and results may be applied to other refractory types or applications (that is, reheat furnace skid rail brick) in which glass exudation is considered to be important.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for causing the exudation of a glassy phase to the surface of fusion-cast specimens by subjecting them to temperatures corresponding to glass furnace operating temperatures.
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the exudate as the percent of volume increase of the specimen after cooling.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The balance required for this test method uses only SI units (Section 6).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1223 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Testing of Glass Exudation from AZS Fusion-Cast
1
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1223; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 The results may be considered as representative of the
potential for an AZS refractory (specifically, in the tested
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for causing the
region) to contribute to glass defect formation during the
exudation of a glassy phase to the surface of fusion-cast
furnace production operation.
specimens by subjecting them to temperatures corresponding
to glass furnace operating temperatures. 3.3 The procedures and results may be applied to other
refractory types or applications (that is, reheat furnace skid rail
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the
brick) in which glass exudation is considered to be important.
exudateasthepercentofvolumeincreaseofthespecimenafter
cooling.
4. Apparatus and Materials
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
4.1 Scale—Alaboratory scale or balance rigged for suspen-
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
sion of specimens for dry/wet weight determinations to an
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
accuracy of 0.01 g.
information only and are not considered standard.
4.2 Kiln—An electric kiln to accommodate several 4-in.
1.3.1 Exception—The balance required for this test method
(102-mm) specimen cores placed vertically on end, and for
uses only SI units (Section 6).
service at 2750°F (1510°C), with a variation of <10°F (6°C).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1
4.3 Foil—Cups formed from 2 ⁄4-in. (56-mm) squares of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
platinum foil (Pt, 5 % Au alloy, 0.003-in. (0.076-mm) thick).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
One cup required per specimen.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.4 AZS Casting—A virgin casting having no prior thermal
history except that of its own formation, and of a size and
2. Referenced Documents
casting process equivalent to the intended application (such as
2
an arch block) in which exudation potential is of interest.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption,
5. Test Specimens and Sampling
Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned
5.1 Specimens may be removed from the original casting
Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
either as drilled cores or as sawed bars, depending on labora-
tory capability. Specimen cores or bars should be 4-in. (102-
3. Significance and Use
mm) long and either 1 in. (25.4 mm) in diameter or 1 by 1 in.
3.1 This test method was developed for use both by manu-
(25.4 by 25.4 mm) in cross-section. The length dimension of
facturers as a process control tool for the production of AZS
the specimen should be perpendicular to the surface of the
fusion-cast refractories, and by glass manufacturers in the
block from which it is removed.
selection of refractories and design of glass-melting furnaces.
5.2 The dimensions of the prepared specimen core are not
critical but should be maintained as specified, with minimal
specimen-to-specimen variation. Excessive thickness can pre-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
vent isothermal heating within the specimen. Height and width
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.10 on Refracto-
ries for Glass.
can affect the positioned stability of the specimen in the kiln
Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originally
during heating.
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C1223 – 92 (2003).
DOI: 10.1520/C1223-09.
5.3 The size of the original casting may influence the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
results. Evaluations of the product should be made relative to
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
only the intended application. For example, a conveniently
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. sized bottom paver might not be representative of a larger
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1223 − 09
superstructure casting because (for example) casting mold paired, each s
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C 1223–92 (Reappoved 2003) Designation:C 1223–09
Standard Test Method for
Testing of Glass Exudation from AZS Fusion-Cast
1
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1223; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for causing the exudation of a glassy phase to the surface of fusion-cast specimens by
subjecting them to temperatures corresponding to glass furnace operating temperatures.
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the exudate as the percent of volume increase of the specimen after
cooling.
1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The balance required for this test method uses only SI units (Section 6).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C20 Test Methods forApparent Porosity,WaterAbsorption,Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory
Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method was developed for use both by manufacturers as a process control tool for the production of AZS
fusion-cast refractories, and by glass manufacturers in the selection of refractories and design of glass-melting furnaces.
3.2 The results may be considered as representative of the potential for anAZS refractory (specifically, in the tested region) to
contribute to glass defect formation during the furnace production operation.
3.3 The procedures and results may be applied to other refractory types or applications (that is, reheat furnace skid rail brick)
in which glass exudation is considered to be important.
4. Apparatus and Materials
4.1 Scale—Alaboratory scale or balance rigged for suspension of specimens for dry/wet weight determinations to an accuracy
of 0.01 g.
4.2 Kiln—An electric kiln to accommodate several 4-in. (102-mm) specimen cores placed vertically on end, and for service at
2750°F (1510°C), with a variation of <10°F (6°C).
1
4.3 Foil—Cups formed from 2 ⁄4-in. (56-mm) squares of platinum foil (Pt, 5 %Au alloy, 0.003-in. (0.076-mm) thick). One cup
required per specimen.
4.4 AZS Casting—Avirgin casting having no prior thermal history except that of its own formation, and of a size and casting
process equivalent to the intended application (such as an arch block) in which exudation potential is of interest.
5. Test Specimens and Sampling
5.1 Specimens may be removed from the original casting either as drilled cores or as sawed bars, depending on laboratory
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.10 on Refractories for Glass.
Current edition approved NovemberMarch 1, 2003.2009. Published January 2004.April 2009. Originally publishedapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in
19982003 as C 1223–92 (1998).(2003).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C 1223–09
capability. Specimen cores or bars should be 4-in. (102-mm) long and either 1 in. (25.4 mm) in diameter or 1 by 1 in. (25.4 by
25.4 mm) in cross-section. The length dimension of the specimen should be perpendicular to the surface of the block from which
it is removed.
5.2 The dimensions of the prepared specimen core are not critical but should be maintained as specified, with minimal
specimen-to-specimen variation. Excessive thickness ca
...
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