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ASTM D5884-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2001
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5884-99 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D5884-04 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7465/D7465M-15(2023) - Standard Specification for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Sheet Used In Geomembrane Applications
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001

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ASTM D5884-01 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced GeomembranesASTM D5884-01 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
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ASTM D5884-01 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5884 – 01
Standard Test Method for
Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced
1
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for deter- 4.1 The tensile tear strength of a membrane in both machine
mining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally and cross-machine directions is determined by measuring the
reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method. maximum load when cut specimens of specific dimensions are
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the tested to failure, by tearing, at a fixed testing displacement rate.
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
5. Significance and Use
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree
by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the
results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that
particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation
2. Referenced Documents
to service value. This test method measures the force required
2.1 ASTM Standards: to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined
2
D 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the
2
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforce-
D 4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of ment used within a geomembrane.
2
Geotextiles 5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the
relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or
3. Terminology
different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
in reported test results when using this test method for
tained at a relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
temperature of 21 6 2°C (70 6 4°F). (See Terminology
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
D 4439.) there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geo-
6. Apparatus
synthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. (See
Terminology D 4439.) 6.1 The machine shall consist of three main parts:
3.1.3 reinforced geomembrane—a geomembrane internally 6.1.1 Straining Mechanism—A machine wherein the speci-
reinforced with a textile. men is held between the two clamps and strained by a uniform
3.1.4 tearing strength, (F, (F), kN), n—the force required movement of the pulling clamp shall be used. Unless otherwise
either to start or to continue or propagate a tear in a fabric specified in the material specification, the machine shall be
under specified conditions. (See Terminology D 4439 and Test adjusted so that the pulling clamp shall have a uniform speed
Method D 4533.) of 50 6 2 mm/min (2 6 0.1 in./min).
6.1.2 Clamps for Holding Specimen—The clamps for hold-
ing a reinforced flexible geomembrane specimen shall have
1
metallic gripping surfaces sufficiently smooth, flat, and parallel
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-
as to prevent the test specimen from slipping or moving
branes.
between the gripping surfaces when held under the pressure
Current edition approved June 10, 2001. Published October 2001. Originally
normal to operation. The dimension of all gripping surfaces
published as D5884–95. Last previous edition D5884–99.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.13. shall measure 25 by 50 mm (1 by 2 in.) or more with the long
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5884–01
dimension perpendicular to this direction of application of the
load. All edges that might cause a cutting action shall be
1
round
...

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Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.  
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SCOPE
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Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Geomembranes

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5.2 Wave velocity may be established for particular geomembranes (for specific polymer type, specific formulation, specific density). Relationships may be established between velocity and both density and tensile properties of geomembranes. An example of the use of ultrasound for determining density of polyethylene is presented in Test Method D4883. Velocity measurements may be used to determine thickness of geomembranes (1, 2).4 Travel time and amplitude of transmitted waves may be used to assess the condition of geomembranes and to identify defects in geomembranes including surface defects (for example, scratches, cuts), inner defects (for example, discontinuities within geomembranes), and defects that penetrate the entire thickness of geomembranes (for example, pinholes) (3, 4). Bonding between geomembrane sheets can be evaluated using travel time, velocity, or impedance measurements for seam assessment (5-10). Examples of the use of ultrasonic testing for determining the integrity of field and factory seams through travel time and velocity measurements (resulting in thickness measurements) are presented in Practices D4437 and D4545, respectively. An ultrasonic testing device is routinely used for evaluating seams in prefabricated bituminous geomembranes in the field (11). Integrity of geomembranes may be monitored in time using ultrasonic measurements.
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method

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5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in reinforcement applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
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5.5 Tensile testing is used to establish the ultimate tensile strength (TULT) of a material and to determine elastic stress, strain, and variations thereof for SIM tests.  
5.6 Ramp and Hold (R+H) testing is done to establish the range of creep strains experienced in the brief period of very rapid response following the peak of the load ramp.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
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1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5322-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a standard immersion procedure for investigating the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic to a liquid waste, leachate, or chemical in a laboratory environment. The conditions specified in this practice are intended both to provide a basis of standardization and to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic material(s) in a laboratory environment. Practice D5496 can be used should the user need to assess the performance of a geosynthetic in field conditions.  
4.2 This practice is not intended to establish, by itself, the behavior of geosynthetics when exposed to liquids. Such behavior, referred to as chemical resistance, can be defined only in terms of specific chemical solutions and methods of testing and evaluation criteria selected by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers laboratory immersion procedures for the testing of geosynthetics for chemical resistance to liquid wastes, prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived from solid wastes.  
1.2 This standard is not applicable to some geosynthetics such as geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), because of their composite nature requiring a confining pressure during immersion. However, individual geosynthetic components of the GCL can be tested.  
1.3 This standard was originally developed to supplement and expand EPA 9090 to include all geosynthetics. EPA 9090 has not been updated since 1992.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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