ASTM D70-97

Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific gravity and density of semi-solid bituminous materials, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Aug-1997
• ICS: 75.140 - Waxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum products
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.47 - Miscellaneous Asphalt Tests

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D70-03 - Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D2172/D2172M-17e1 - Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Asphalt Binder from Asphalt Mixtures
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D3381/D3381M-18 - Standard Specification for Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Binder for Use in Pavement Construction
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D244-09(2017) - Standard Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D2962-10(2019) - Standard Practice for Calculating Volume-Temperature Correction For Coal-Tar Pitches
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D4869/D4869M-16a(2021) - Standard Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Underlayment Used in Steep Slope Roofing
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D4552/D4552M-20 - Standard Classification for Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D4746-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Quinoline Insolubles (QI) in Tar and Pitch by Pressure Filtration
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D3666-16 - Standard Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D1045-19 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Plasticizers Used in Plastics
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D450/D450M-07(2018) - Standard Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and Waterproofing
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D4018-23 - Standard Test Methods for Properties of Continuous Filament Carbon and Graphite Fiber Tows
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 70 – 97
Standard Test Method for
Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 70; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.2 relative density—the ratio of the mass of a given
volume of a material to the mass of the same volume of water
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific
at the same temperature (see Note 2).
gravity and density of semi-solid bituminous materials, asphalt
cements, and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer.
NOTE 2—Relative density is also described as specific gravity.
NOTE 1—An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid
4. Summary of Test Method
and solid bituminous materials is Test Method D 3289. For materials
4.1 The sample is placed in a calibrated pycnometer. The
which are too fluid for use of this test method, use Test Method D 3142.
pycnometer and sample are weighed, then the remaining
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
volume is filled with water. The filled pycnometer is brought to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
the test temperature, and weighed. The density of the sample is
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
calculated from its mass and the mass of water displaced by the
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
sample in the filled pycnometer.
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to
2. Referenced Documents
units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
Practice D 4311.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
6. Apparatus
D 3142 Test Method for Density of Liquid Asphalts (Hy-
6.1 Pycnometer, glass, consisting of a cylindrical or conical
drometer Method)
vessel carefully ground to receive an accurately fitting glass
D 3289 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid
stopper 22 to 26 mm in diameter. The stopper shall be provided
Bituminous Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)
with a hole 1.0 to 2.0 mm in diameter, centrally located in
D 4311 Practice for Determining Asphalt Volume Correc-
reference to the vertical axis. The top surface of the stopper
tion to a Base Temperature
shall be smooth and substantially plane, and the lower surface
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
shall be concave to allow all air to escape through the bore. The
height of the concave section shall be 4.0 to 18.0 mm at the
3. Terminology
center. The stoppered pycnometer shall have a capacity of 24 to
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
30 mL and shall weigh not more than 40 g. Suitable pycnom-
3.1.1 density—the mass per unit volume of a material.
eters are illustrated in Fig. 1.
6.2 Water Bath, constant-temperature, capable of maintain-
ing the temperature within 0.1°C of the test temperature.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road
6.3 Thermometers, calibrated liquid in glass, total immer-
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.47 on
sion type, of suitable range with graduations at least every
Miscellaneous Asphalt Tests.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 1997. Published April 1998. Originally
0.1°C and a maximum scale error of 0.1°C as prescribed in
published as D 70 – 20. Last previous edition D 70 – 82 (1990).
Specification E 1. Thermometers commonly used are 63°F or
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3 63°C. Any other thermometer device of equal accuracy may be
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. used.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D70–97
FIG. 1 Suitable Pycnometers and Stopper
the pycnometer during weighing, quickly redry the outside of the
7. Materials
pycnometer (excluding the top) before recording the mass.
7.1 Water—Freshly boiled and cooled distilled or deionized
water.
11. Procedure
11.1 Preparation of Sample—Heat the sample with care,
8. Sampling
stirring to prevent local overheating, until the sample has
8.1 Take samples in accordance with Practice D 140. The
become sufficiently fluid to pour. In no case should the
sample shall be free of foreign substances.
temperature be raised to more than 56°C above the expected
8.2 Thoroughly mix the sample before removing a repre-
softening point for tar, or to more than 110°C above the
sentative portion for testing.
expected softening point for asphalt. Do not heat for more than
30 min, and avoid incorporating air bubbles into the sample.
9. Preparation of Apparatus
11.2 Pour enough sample into the clean, dry, warmed
9.1 Partially fill a 600-mL Griffin low-form beaker with
pycnometer to fill it about three fourths of its capacity. Take
freshly boiled and cooled distilled or deionized water to a level
precautions to keep the material from touching the sides of the
that will allow the top of the pycnometer to be immersed to a
pycnometer above the final level and prevent the inclusion of
depth of not less than 40 mm.
air bubbles (Note 5). Allow the pycnometer and its contents to
9.2 Partially immerse the beaker in the water bath to a depth
cool to ambient temperature for a period of not less than 40 min
sufficient to allow the bottom of the beake
...